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PHOTOGRAMMETRY FOR THE PREPARATION 
OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXCAVATION. 
À 3D RESTITUTION ACCORDING TO MODERN AND ARCHIVE IMAGES 
OF BEAUFORT CASTLE LANDSCAPE (LEBANON) 
: : a : b 
Pierre Grussenmeyer 5, Jean Yasmine 
" MAP-PAGE UMR 694, National Institute of Applied Sciences, 24 Bd de la victoire, 67084 Strasbourg, France 
plerre.grussenmeyer(@insa-strasbourg. fr 
® Republic of Lebanon, Ministry of Culture, Directorate General of Antiquities 
Po. Box 1019 Jounieh, Lebanon - jyasmine@beirut.com 
CIPA Special Session 
Low Cost Systems in Recording and Managing the Cultural Heritage 
KEY WORDS: Photogrammetry, archacology, comparison, restitution, orthorectification, decision support, landscape. 
ABSTRACT: 
This paper presents the contribution of photogrammetry within the framework of the documentation of the Beaufort castle (South 
Lebanon), also called Qalaat el-Chagif (12-17* century). After the withdrawal of the Israeli army of southern Lebanon, the 
Lebanese government asked for a consulting firm (J. Yasmine, DGA consultant) to establish general tender documents for the 
restoration of the Beaufort castle. Many parts of the site were destroyed or buried because of the war. 
In 2002, the castle has been surveyed by geodetic methods (GPS and total station techniques) to establish reference points and a 
revised map of the area. In 2003, J. Yasmine has completed the survey by aerial oblique images taken by helicopter and terrestrial 
images, following the recommendations of CIPA 3x3 rules. After the calibration of the different cameras, the block of i images has 
been computed within the PhotoModeler'™ package, in order to document and draw the parts difficult to reach by traditional 
topographic techniques and to check the homogeneity of this important historic building (approx. surface of 150m x 75m, height of 
30m). 
Several archive images of the castle were taken by the French army between the years 1935 and 1937 (vertical and oblique overall 
views on glass plates). The aim of the project is to use this archive documentation in order to make a 3D restitution of the destroyed 
and buried historical structures of the castle within a photogrammetric project including both modern and archive images. A 
comparative restitution makes it possible to locate in a precise way the visible archaeological structures on the archive photographs. 
The contractor who will be in charge of the restoration will then have all information to release the great quantity of fill around the 
castle, in order to preserve intact the historical and archaeological structures which would be still in-situ below the embankment. 
The restitution will help the consultant to establish the framework of the excavation and restoration tasks, by showing the destroyed 
historical structures. 
  
  
1930-1936: Archive images of the French Air Force of the 2003: Modem digital i images ol and terrestrial small 
Levant (aerial large format images) format images) 
1. INTRODUCTION withdrawal of southern Lebanon, the Lebanese government 
commissions a multidisciplinary team to establish a preliminary 
The Fort of Beaufort is a medieval castle constructed by the study for the restoration of the castle. This team is composed of 
crusaders, the Ayyubids and the Mamluks. The castle is located many specialists and is headed by Jean Yasmine, a consultant at 
in the southern part of Lebanon, a few kilometers far of the the Directorate General of Antiquities (DGA). This team is 
Israeli border. It is one of the emblematic monuments attesting responsible of the establishment of tender documents for 
the successive occupations of the site. After the Israeli contractors. There are many works on this important monument