International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B6. Istanbul 2004
project which is paid from the credit of the World Bank, given
to Poland, has to be completed by 2004. All the compiled data
are supplied to the database of the Regional Water
Development Authority and the national database in the Central
Center for Geodetic and Cartographic Documentation, under the
Head Office GUGIK.
The important key project, which should be also mentioned, is
the establisment of the Satellite Regional Operation Center
S.A. (SCOR S.A.) in Komorowo near Warsaw, authorized by
the Space Imaging Inc., which should be completed in a few
months time. The SCOR S.A, which is the joint venture of the
Military Agency and the polish informatic firm Techmex S.A.,
received the export licence from the Commerce Department of
USA Government for building and exploitation of the multi-
sources receiving station and processing of data from the
satellites IKONOS 2, RADARSATI and IRS P6. Because of
the universal and open architecture of the operation center
SCOR, the configuration of the station would be developed in
future to increase the spectrum of the received satellite imagery.
Besides of the key projects on the national level, in which
various private companies distributed around the country (the
Regional OPGiK and PPGiK, Cities Enterprises, such for ex. as
WPG, KPG, other photogrammetric firms, such as the
Malopolska Surveying and Carographic Group S.A. ) and the
Institute of Geodesy and Cartography, are involved, the above
and other firms (Compass Ltd, Tokaj Mapping Ltd, Zenit Ltd,
Polkart Ltd , and so on) execute also many projects for
different applications in order to the needs of polish anf foreign
industry. All these companies are now well equipped with the
digital photogrammetric workstations, such as Z/I Imaging,
Inpho, L/H - Leica Geosystem, Erdas, ESRI, Intergraph, and
others. In the last four years the number of installations in
Poland has considerably increased and some of the systems,
such as Z/I Imaging, have reached number over thirty. Since
2000 the polish digital photogrammetric system DEPHOS
(mono and stereo) has been also developed by the Dephos
Ltd. company in Cracov, Poland. The very attractive price and
quite many modules (mono and stereo semi automatic) for
aerial and terrestrial photogrammetry caused that 60
installations of the Dephos system have been already sold to
many institutions (commercial, education) in Poland, and also
above 20 stations were distributed to Czech, Portugal, Spain,
RPA, India and USA. This system has received a few awards
from the General Surveyer, the Minister of Infrastructure, the
Polish Heritage organization and in 2004 the Dephos Ltd Firm
has become the Member of the CIPA.
3. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
The new initiatives of using digital photogrammetry and
remote sensing technologies to support various national data
bases require the consolidated and well organized research
activity. However, the financial support of research is not
sufficient, specially when the universities activity is concerned.
In spite of such limitations there are number of research
projects which are undertaken by institutions. The review of the
projects in the fields of photogrammetry and remote sensing in
a few selected units in the last few years are listed below.
3.1 The Institute of Geodesy and Cartography (IGiK),
Warsaw
Since many years the Institute is involved in many high priority
projects in the country. They have the experienced research staff
and up to date systems for digital photogrammetry and remote
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sensing processing . In the last four years in the Department of
Photogrammetry and in the Remote Sensing and Spatial
Information Center of the Institute the following research has
been carried out;
Determination of the optimal parameters in the automated
aerial triangulation executed with MATCH AT and
BINGO for the photographs of the poor quality and the
high density urban areas and forestry areas. This research
based on the processing of aerial triangulation for about
1000 blocks of photographs at 1:26 000 scale.
Application of analytical and digital photogrammetric
methods for compilation of DEM and up-to date
numerical maps on base of 1:17 000 aerial photographs to
forecast the floods of upper and middle Vistula River.
This is the initial part of the national level project
mentioned in the chapter 2. In the main stage of this project
the Institute was involved in the Joint Venture with
BlomiInfo A/S, Denmark and Tecsult Int. Ltd Canada.
Evaluation of VHRS - IKONOS (PAN and Multispectral)
for mapping purpses. This projects was carried out with
the Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing.
The orthophotomaps with the accuracy of less than 3
meters have been achieved.
Proposal for the methodology of elaboration of DTM on
the basis of SPOT 4 Pan stereo data - for generation of
contour lines with 20 meters interval and compilation of
orthophotomaps at middle scales (1:25 000, 1:50 000).
This project which has been performed within the PhD
thesis (I. Ewiak) showed, that with using the proper
methodology, the following accuracies can be achieved:
for the orientation of stereo SPOT scenes - RMSyy =3.0m
and RMS; = 3.5 m, for DTM generation - RMS; = 4.7 m
for hilly regions and RMS; = 2.6 m for flat terrain. After
filtration of raw DTM with the proposed software, the
accuracy has been improved to: RMS; = 3.9 m for hilly
regions and RMSz=1.8m for flat terrain.
Assessment of accuracy for DTM and orthimage
generated from IKONOS along — track stereo images
CARTERRA GEO Pan with B/H ratio equal to 1:1.8. The
accuracy of orientation of the stereo images has been
estimated for GCP’s as RMSEx=0.7 m, RMSEy = 0.6 m,
RMSEz 0.7 m, and for 23 check points as
RMSEx-RMSEy -0.7 m. RMSEz = 0.9 m. The accuracy
of DEM generated (with MATCH T Inpho) from IKONOS
stereo scenes in respect to DEM obtained from the aerial
photographs at 1:26 000 was 0.7 m for towns and 0.5 m
for grassland. The accuracy of the orthoimage with GSD
Im was estimated as 1 —2 meters.
Within cooperation between IGiK and the University of
Liege, Belgium, the educational photogrammetric package
for compilation of digital aerial photographs has been
developed. Presently this software is tested by a few
Universities in and outside Poland.
Development of Crop Condition Assessment System for
drought monitoring and yield forecast. About 200 daily
NOAA/AVHRR satellite data of Poland were acquired for
year 2003. NOAA/AVHRR archival database, covering
1992 — 2002 was created for the whole Poland. Information
packages on crop condition assessment were operationally
delivered to the Central Statistical Office throughout the
whole vegetation period. INFOSAT database, containing
vegetation and temperature indices was developed for
period 1992 — 2002 as well.
Modelling of crop-soil parameters from ENVISAT ASAR
and MERIS data — project with ESA CAT — 1 ID 1427.
The aim of the project is obtaining soil — vegetation
parameters using water — cloud model, describing surface
