)0 
pe, it 
step 
and 
and 
| this 
and 
The 
^ cent 
d on 
iorth 
ıllow 
sides 
n the 
h the 
? and 
type, 
ces. 
d the 
ed on 
els of 
Itered 
ces of 
other 
dote. 
faster 
these 
these 
Ct is, 
| time. 
nsitive 
Image 
| spill 
g near 
grated 
ent. In 
1d RSI 
collect 
International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing 
information regarding environmental baseline status of the 
study area pertaining to physical, human, biological resources, 
land use / land cover, and socio-economic attributes which form 
important attribute for ESI/RSI maps. Thus, environmentally 
effective coastal zone management depends upon accurate and 
comprehensive scientific data on which policy decisions can be 
based (Nayak et al. 1996). 
The study area (Godavari delta) merits special attention from 
environmental point of view as this area is rich in oil and 
natural gas and is under 0-11 m topographic contour and 
appears to be fragile with thick pile of sediments dipping 
towards sea and underlain by faults and hence any change in 
existing equilibrium would devastate the entire region (Rao, 
1998). 
2) STUDY AREA AND DATA USED 
Extends from Uppada (approx. 10 km North of Kakinada) in the 
North along the east coast of India, in the A.P. coastline and 
approx. 2 km from the coast and up to the area of tidal influence 
in the inland sector. 
Kakinada Bay to the east and southeast of Kakinada town 
appears to be made up of estuaries of lagoon covering an area of 
about 29.sq.kms. Like many other bays, incited near river 
mouth it is a shallow water bay. The southern half is too 
shallow and depths never exceed 2 meters even in spring tides, 
while its northern half is 2 to6 meters deep. 
The bay is fringed on the southern side by mud flats and thick 
mangrove swamps. The Kakinada spit present on the eastern 
side of the bay running north south in direction acts as artificial 
embankment. Subba Rao (1967) reports that Kakinada Bay is 
mostly occupied with silty clays. He has established three 
heavy mineral provinces (a) mica province on the western side 
of the spit, (b) hornblende province embracing the bay proper, 
the Kakinada spit and Kakinada-Vakalapudi coast; and (c) 
garnet — sillimanite province north of Vakalapudi and in the 
offshore areas north of Godavari point. 
2.1 Satellite Data 
The basic satellite data selected corresponds to IRS 1D (LISS- 
III) multispectral data of January and February 2002 period. 
The exact date of pass is shown in the respective maps prepared. 
Survey of India (SOI) topographical maps on 1:50,000 scale is 
also used as collateral information during the study. 
3) METHODOLOGY 
The methodology attempted here is based on digital analysis of 
IRS 1D (LISS-III) satellite data on CD using band 1, 2 and 3 
bands respectively on 1:50,000 scale, using Erdas software. 
The mapping of land use/land cover is carried for 5/2 kms 
corridor along the coast, in addition using the physical and land 
use/land cover parameters mapping is carried out separately for 
the marine and riverine environment as per the ESI 
(Environment Sensitivity Index) and RSI (Reach Sensitivity 
Index) guidelines. Table 1. 
Table 1 
REACH SENSITIVITY INDEX 
1177 
and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B7. Istanbul 2004 
  
CLASS DESCRIPTION OF REACH 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
1 Quiet pool with low-sensitive banks 
2 Currents; low-sensitive banks (non- 
navigable) 
3 Currents; low-sensitive banks 
(navigable) 
4 Rapids over bedrock (non-navigable) 
5 Rapids over bedrock (navigable) 
6 Moderately sensitive/low vulnerable 
wetlands 
5 Highly sensitive/moderately 
vulnerable wetlands 
  
8 Straight channel; highly 
sensitive/highly vulnerable wetlands 
  
Sinuous channel; highly 
9 s ; A 
sensitive/highly vulnerable wetlands 
  
Multi-channeled; highly 
0 sensitive/highly vulnerable wetlands 
  
  
  
  
  
Miles O. Hayes, Jacqueline Michel, and Todd M. Montello 
Research Planning, Inc., 1121 Park Street, Columbia. South 
Carolina 29201 
The Marine environment mapping the ESI guidelines used by 
oil spill planners and emergency responders is followed. The 
shoreline classification (1:50,000 scale) is based en its relative 
exposure to wave and tidal energy, shoreline slope, biological 
productivity and sensitivity. 
The Riverine environment classification is based on the RSI 
principles. Reach was defined as distinct and uniform 
characteristics within a stretch of stream, which is, based on 
spill response modes and potential ecological and / or socio 
economic impacts from a spill. The boundary of a reach is 
marked by an abrupt change in morphology usually due to 
stream gradient. The classification (1:50,000 scale) is showing 
reach classification into category class2, 8, 9.and 10. is 
indicated in the map. (Refer table 1 for description). 
3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVITY INDEX (ESD: - 
The Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESD, developed by 
Research Planning, INC (RPI), USA senior scientist in 1976, 
has become an integral component of oil spill contingency 
planning and response in USA and other countries world wide. 
Table 2... 
Shoreline habitats are at risk during oil spills because of the 
likelihood of them being directly oiled when floating slicks 
come ashore.