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International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B7. Istanbul 2004
as modern agriculture, the presence of artificial raw materials
created by man is necessary. The cost / benefit must be
constantly observed, since in the measure that population
requests more safe raw materials the synthesis cost of new
molecules is high. Suppliers of raw materials, producers and
consumers must be constantly in touch and showing the
strength of each sector in search of a maintainable agriculture
and cattle raising activity in economical, environmental and
social aspects.
4. SOIL SURVEY
The soil survey searches for the recognition of the genetic
characteristics of the soils in a scale that offers informations to
the distinguished handling of each pedologic unit. With the
mapping it is possible to treat the different units with
distinguished handlings bringing less risks to the environment,
rationalization of raw materials and a better domain of the soil-
plant factors. Integrating precision agricultural tools it is
possible to apply raw materials to the variable rates, magnifying
doses in determinated areas and lessen others.
5, SYSTEM OF AGRICLIMATIC MONITORING
The collect of agrimeteorologic data allows to collect events
that help in the understanding of the effects of precipitation,
temperatures and of the correlations with evapotranspiration in
the different phases of development of the economic cultivated
cultures. Meteorologic stations allow the collect with precision
of what happens during the day, month and year. Modelling of
these variables allows a better understanding at long term of the
beneficial effects and the regional characteristics, allowing
crossing of data with the different kind of soils of the region
and to recognise the levels of storage of water in the soil, to
know the evapotranspiration and its influence to the different
cultures.
6. ECONOMIC ADMINISTRATION
The use of softwares that help the taking of decisions has been
largely used in the big size estates. The rural producer and his
business in the country has been the weaker link in the
productive chains, due to the climatic risks, variation of prices
and the lack of devices of protection of the front sector to the
developed countries.
On one side, the developed countries and Brazil's competitors
on the globalized markets perform subsidies as a way to
guarantee a parcel of theirs population in the agricultural and
cattle raising activity. On the other side, they create difficulties
to the entering of brazilian products in their countries, disguised
as phytosanitarian barriers.
For this and others reasons, that is why the agricultural
businessmen must amplify the knowledges of its costs allowing
that the profits of the activity could be utilized in a safe manner.
Administration softwares must be used as a way to control the
financial resources inside of each business. To integrate
technical and financial aspects is an attitude that distinguish
those considered efficient and in plain development.
The recognition of the sector results and of each crop allows to
identify with safety the economic recession years. In these
periods, the producer recognises the areas of cost that must
suffer alterations without put into risk the activity.
In years of good price the producer does safe investments, such
as the purchase of lands, renewal of the fleet, correction of
areas with raw materials, amplification of the physical structure.
Only with the domain of these tools is that activities of risk as
200
agricultural and cattle raising must become profitable to its
enterprisers.
7. TRACKABILITY
Consumers of the developed countries demand products with
well known origin. By trackability is understood the need of
registries that allow the consultation by the buyers and
consumers on the final end of the chain of any and all raw
material used in the manufacturing of a determined product.
With the arrival of the Genetic Modified Organisms - GMO's -
part of consumers' society saw themselves compelled to
demand from the supervising organisations ways to control
products free of transgenics. It was the beginning of the
trackability that nowadays acts on the markets of meat, dairy
products and commodities like soya, wheat and maize. Tools of
geotechnology allow the recognition of the production areas, as
well as the crossing with a data bank where are inserted the
information and the application of each raw material for the
attainment of these products.
8. RESTRICTIONS FOR A FAST ADOPTION OF
PRECISION AGRICULTURE IN BRAZIL
One of the great restrictions of the adoption of new
technologies as the precision agriculture in Brazil is, without
doubt, the lack of basic information in order to producers and
technique consultants could take better decisions.
In Brazil, there are not available soil maps in scale that allow to
know the soil characteristics of the boards and consequent
differentiable management in these unities.
The cartographic information are not enough to projections,
even in regional ambit, with lack of digital maps.
The same way, the climatic informations are in scale that do not
allow regional detailing, in order of understanding the possible
interaction between climate variability and the productivity.
This does not make impracticable the awake of a great group of
producers. On Parana State, in the area of performance of ABC
Foundation, tools of administration are beginning to be daily
used. GPS equipments, softwares of economic administration,
data bank, gathering of climate information, mapping of soils,
environmental legalisation, investments in regional agricultural
and cattle raising researches, cooperativist culture, investments
in agrieconomic consultancy are some of the differentiations for
those who are concerned in keep themselves in the activity.
Plagues, diseases and harmful plants are now georeferenced,
allowing the monitoring of the populations and their
correlations with the regional environment.
Multinational companies invest in technical cooperation
projects to develop and introduce new concepts. Only this way,
with the participation of the representatives of each link of the
chains, we will have more sustainability of the agricultural
Systems.
9. PRECISION AGRICULTURE
Many question are being asked about the factors that limit the
increase of productivity, precision agriculture can answer than.
The agriculture areas present a variability on the efficiency
characterized by the use of precision agriculture tools.
Precision agriculture offer a new way to administration the
farms. The technology use different tools, like GPS, sensors
onboard in a number of equipments and implements, softwares
that allow the correlation of the data and the formulation of
different strategies to administration of the rural estates.
