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International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B7. Istanbul 2004
The project has started on year 2001 and shall be completed by
2007.
2.1 Conceptual design of the research
Conceptually, the research includes three main components as
presented in Figure 2. In the following each elements are
briefly explained.
Development of sustainable forest management mode:
For the last thirty years, forest administration in Indonesia had
been highly centralized, with the Ministry of Forestry in Jakarta
making the strategic and operational decisions about how the
nation's forest estate would be managed. This top-down
approach has been ineffective in securing sustainable forest
management. ‘Sustainability’ has remained a paper exercise.
With Indonesia's ongoing processes of decentralization and
regional autonomy, significant degrees of authority over forest
administration have been and are being transferred to the
provincial and district governments. In some areas, this shift
has intensified pressures on forests, while in other areas it has
made local government decision-making more responsive to
communities whose livelihoods depend on forest resources. On
this basis, to be realistic before any information system designs
a revisit and redesign of the management process is necessary.
In this context, the concepts of ACM as developed and applied
in CIFOR, the concept of joint forest management, together
with the concepts “Model Forest” developed and applied in the
International Forest Network will be employed to build the
collaborative sustainable forest management model. The
adopted should respond to socio-economic and institutional
issues and the demand by local communities to improve their
well-being and livelihood through forest management.
Development of Monitoring and evaluation systems: To
support management of the concession as well as acting as a
source of information for all the externals, such as the
government agencies, Ngo's and mandatory and voluntary
certification systems a monitoring and evaluation system will
be designed and implemented. In this context, the concepts and
methods of Structured System Development Methodology,
participatory mapping and data collection, participatory GIS
and analysis of remotely sensed data will be applied.
Development of forest certification system: Based on the
structure and flow of information in accordance with the
developed management model and its related monitoring and
evaluation system, a Decision Support System for Certification
will be developed and evaluated. This system will support
Mandatory and Voluntary certification process as required by
the Indonesian authorities and the international communities.
The system shall allow selection of appropriate sets of
indicators, identify the methods of assessment, and allow multi-
criteria judgment to be integrated to support a final decision or
assessment of SFM and sustainable products. In this process,
the potential application of GIS and remote sensing techniques,
especially the potential of new data collection platforms
(satellite systems) together with decision support systems
theory will be explored in order to improve the assessment of
sustainability in the Tropical Rain Forest. In the process of
building spatial decision support system for certification, the
related theories and applications of multiple criteria decision
making process, especially the application of fuzzy set theory
to model and apply the linguistic variables, together with the
related methods of rule-based and knowledge based systems
will be explored and applied. This shall allow formative
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(process) evaluation for management improvement and
progress monitoring, as well as summative (product) evaluation
for certification
The related, models, techniques, and methodology will be
developed and evaluated in a typical forest production
concession. For this purpose, two potential sites are suggested,
the Labanan forest concession, which is managed by PT.
Inhutani I (a government owned concession company), and the
TROPENBOS research site in East Kalimantan, Indonesia.
Depending on the results of further study and discussions, the
research can be carried in one of the two or both sites. The
Labanan forest concession has been used as a pilot area by
BFMP for improving the local forest management as of 1996,
and possess rich amounts of historical data sets. The Labanan
concession is located in a lowland dipterocarp, and consists of
around 100,000 ha of production forest, which has been
managed for production forestry since 1974 and has shows
considerable re-growth. Forest growth has been scientifically
monitored.
3. PROGRESS
So far sixteen MSc students have completed their research in
the framework of this project. They have mainly focused on
various aspects of certification model that has been developed
and implemented by Indonesian Ecolabelling Institute (LEI, a
none government organization) for natural production forest
(SNPFM). As a result of the research activities, the main issues
related to certification and the ways that Geo-information and
decision-science can support the process are explored. In the
following some of the issues related to various elements of
forest certification, mainly, decision-making process,
operational aspects and potential role of remote sensing and
GIS application in certification process are presented.
3.1 Decision-making process
The issue related to decision-making process could be classified
in three groups. The first issue is multicriteria evaluation
(MCE) criteria structure (Figure 1) that has been determined
according to an assumed sustainable forest management model.
The second issue is the need to making sure those decision-
makers and adequately understanding both issues of forest
management aspect and decision-making procedures. The third
issue is the need to analyse whether the compensatory decision
strategy is appropriate for such decision problem where there is
a feedback from bad performance of certain indicator, which
can be compensated by the good one, to the achievement of the
objective of higher elements in MCE hierarchy.
Decision strategies can be categorised by how they approach
conflicts, use or process information, or deal with other issues
in decision-making such as complexity and uncertainty
(Rosenberger, 2001). Employing AHP model in SNPFM
decision-making process to obtain the best choice of
alternatives compared, which are the acceptable or passing
grade performance with the actual performance, means
allowing compensation of bad performance indicators by good
indicators because AHP designed as compensatory model. That
SNPFM decision model also can be regarded as a linear
dimension model, which Hogart, (1987) in Rosenberger, (2001)
assumes that each dimension can be measured on a scale and
given a weight reflecting its relative importance. The evaluation
of each alternative is then the sum of the weighted values on all
dimensions.
