1 2004
COAST LINE CHANGE DETECTION USING
CORONA, SPOT and IRS 1D IMAGES
B. Bayram**, H. Bayraktar*, C. Helvaci?, U. Acar®
* Yildiz Technical University, Civil Engineering Faculty, Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Department,
34349 Besiktas Istanbul, Turkey - ( bayram, hbayrak, chelvaci ) @yildiz.edu.tr
° Ugur Harita Muh. Burosu, Alemdag Cad. No:210/1-B, Umraniye Istanbul, Turkey- acar_ugur@hotmail.com
Commission VII, WG VII/3
KEY WORDS: Temporal, Change, Detection, Rectification, Registration, Camera
ABSTRACT:
In this paper, the Black Sea coast of European part of Istanbul was studied using Corona (1963) panoramic satellite photo, SPOT-4
PAN (1998) and IRS-1D PAN (2000) satellite images. The temporal coast line change of the study area was aimed to be designated.
The change detection analysis was made for the period between 1963, 1998 and 2000. The results of the study can be used for
protecting natural areas.Corona reconnaissance panoramic satellite photos were declassified at 1995 by USA for scientific purpose.
Challenging features of Corona photos were studied in this study. The first and the most difficult step of the study is rectificating the
images. Some geometric experiments were made with known distances and angles. Rubber sheeting method consigned the most
significant results. Photogrammetric methods require the whole image to be evaluated. However, by the method mentioned above,
the study carried out using only a part of the photo. During the rectification process, 1/5000 scaled orthophoto mosaic was used.
After the rectification of all images, the coast line was manually digitized on Corona panoramic photo, SPOT-4 PAN and IRS-1D
PAN images. Coast line change detection amount is calculated by subtracting 2000 dated data set from 1963 dated data set, 1998
dated data set from 1963 dated data set and 2000 dated data set from 1998 dated data set. Noteworthy changes were observed.
1. INTRODUCTION
During the rectification stage rubber sheeting method was used.
[stanbul is a very historic city with a unique land cover, Rubber sheeting method consigned the most significant results.
vegetation and position including both Asian and European Photogrammetric methods require the whole image to be
continents junction through the well-known Bosphorus. Most of — evaluated. However, by the method mentioned above, the study
the parts of the city are under the threat of rapid urbanization. In carried out using only a part of the photo.
addition to this, some valuable land is used to supply the
materials necessary for the construction business. Detailed
precautions have to be taken for the protection of these priceless 2. MATERIALS and METHODS
features.
2.1 Corona Cameras
The meaning of coastal zone concept may be understood from
its name. But, it is very hard to define the borders accurately Throughout the past few years, it has been possible to obtain
neither at water body (generally sea) side nor at shore side. The high-resolution imagery for official and local users. New
definition of this border changes at different countries. The imaging systems which have higher resolution and accuracy are
definition of Commission on Marine Sciences Engineering and on the way coming in use within next few years. However,
Resources is; coastal zone covers generally the zone between using high-resolution imagery is not the case of recent years.
the interaction borders of sea and land. The reason of changes Nearly 40 years ago at August 1960, USA succeeded in starting
occurred on coastal zones not only comes from human factor a satellite mission called CORONA. It was the first photo-
but natural factors such as storms and climate changes, which reconnaissance satellite system of USA. This program went
have influences on sea level, influence negatively especially the through many developments during its lifetime (its final
coastal zones which have low elevation (Maktav, D., Erbek, F. mission was flown in 1972), but the entire effort was classified
S., 2001). until 1995, (Lillesand, T. M, Kiefer, R. W. 2000).
In this paper, the Black Sea coast of European part of Istanbul The series of Corona reconnaissance satellites provided
was studied using Corona (1963) panoramic satellite photo, coverage of the Soviet Union, China, and other areas from the
SPOT-4 PAN(1998) and IRS-1D PAN (2000) satellite images. Middle East to Southeast Asia. The declassified archive has a
During the rectification process, 1/5000 scaled orthophoto limited spatial coverage and much of it is severely affected by
mosaic was used. The change detection analysis was made for cloud cover (Donoghue, D.)
the period between 1963, 1998 and 2000. Noteworthy changes
were observed.
* Corresponding author.
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