International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B7. Istanbul 2004 
  
Up to determined limits urban condensation is of interest for 
city administration, due to bigger social profitability of public 
equipments and installed substructure basic services, avoiding 
expenditure of money in peripheral areas where populating 
increase occur (CONTADOR, 1997). Countries under 
economical crisis have difficulty to implant adequate plans; as 
consequence, the utilized urban condensation parameters differ 
much from the idealized ones, which results in a complete 
chaos of the urban management (CARVALHO, 2000). The 
paper must be compiled in one column for the Title and 
Abstract and in two columns for all subsequent text. All text 
should be single-spaced unless otherwise stated herein. Left and 
right justified typing is preferred. 
The main function of a water supply system is to furnish fresh 
water to the community directly in the houses and in quantities 
compatible with the real necessities. It is highly desirable the 
establishment of a predictive plan in confrontation with the 
urban concentration, in order to attain up to date and future 
results, through integrative actions of public bodies (LLAMAS 
et GARRIDO, 1997). In companies in charge of water 
distribution one may depict disarray between project and 
operation, which results in expansion of the net without 
observance of technical premises. As consequence water lacks 
in the faucets due to insufficient pressure and minimum 
outflow. 
When urban expansion runs independently or ahead urban 
planning generally the law is broken especially because many 
clandestine water tubing of lower quality are constructed out of 
control of the distributing company. The constant ruptures of 
such tubing function as important occult draining points of the 
water net. These conflicts are source of important social, 
ecologic, sanitary and economical damages, protagonists of an 
authentic urban catastrophe. 
The catastrophe theory represents a universal method to explain 
transitions through leaps, discontinuities and unexpected 
changes in quality (figure 1) (ARNOLD, 1989). 
  
| STABLE BALANCED STATE | 
  
  
  
Y Y 
MILD CONTINUOUS SUBITANEOUS 
QUALITATIVE CHANGE QUALITATIVE CHANGE 
  
  
  
  
  
Y Y 
| SYSTEM FRAGILITY | | SYSTEM COLAPSE | 
  
  
  
Y y 
| OSCILLATIONS | | NO OSCILLATIONS | 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Y Y 
NORMALIZATION CATHASTROPHE 
Example: city water rationing Example: abolishing city water 
from 0:00 to 6:00 am supply 
  
  
Figure 1 - Diagram of the catastrophe theory. 
Source: Adaptation from R. Thom in Arnold, 1989. 
518 
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 
2.1 Area of Study 
The city of Florianopolis, SC. has an area of 436.5 Km”, being 
localized between the latitudes 27°25’ and 27°50” south and 
longitudes 48°25’ and 48°35 west. Its geographic limits 
comprehend an insular area of 424.4 Km” and a continental area 
of 12.1 Km? (figure 2). 
    
FLORIANÓPOLIS 5 
Figure 2 - Outline of the city of Florianópolis. 
Source: Guia Digital Florianopolis — ed.2002. 
To reduce the area of study it was elected the District of Santo 
Antonio de Lisboa situated in the mid-west of the island, 
because the following criteria of study were fulfilled in a way to 
grant representative ness of the global system: daily macro- 
measurements in confrontation with relative consumer-micro- 
measurements; daily water necessities relative to home-unities; 
weather data, particularly envisaged to weekly, monthly and 
yearly variations. 
Otherwise the area (Condominium Mareney, Ostras' street and 
Brito alley) was elected because of its characteristic supply 
system of reservoirs along the net and because some areas of 
the District present variable intensities of urban development. 
The population of the District is 5.338 inhabitants (IBGE, 
2000). 
2.2 Cartography 
In accordance to a aero-photogrammetric survey (scale 1:2000) 
performed in February 2000 by Aeroconsult Aerolevantamentos 
e Consultoria S/A a reconstitution of the area of study was 
obtained and the topographic map of the research was 
digitalized, as base to all other thematic maps. The aero-survey 
presented the following characteristics: 
Universal Transverse Mercator Projection — UTM; 
Origin of the distance in kilometres UTM Equator and Central 
Meridian, the constants 10,000 Km and 500 Km respectively 
accreted; 
Central Meridian = 51? WGR; 
Coefficient of linear deformation in the middle of the sheet (K) 
= 1.0003315; 3 
Vertical datum = Imbituba — SC; 
Horizontal datum = SAD-69; 
Aero-photogrammetric covering — 1:8000 (Jan 2002);