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International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B7. Istanbul 2004
Region is described as; a united land in terms of
geographic or social qualities, an administrative grade and
a local management grade.
According to Art. 8 of urban development law numbered
3194, regional plans are prepared to determine the socio-
economic development tendencies, development potential
of settlements, sectoral targets and distribution of
activities and substructures. It can be seen that the
regional planning, which can be prepared on 1/100.000-
1/250.000 scale maps is not common in Turkey and can't
be put into use continuously over the country, but for some
exceptions.
b) Environmental Plans: According to Art5 of
reconstruction law numbered 3194, Environmental Plan is
a plan that determines the settlement, such as residence;
industry, agriculture, tourism, transportation etc., and land
use, convenient to country and regional plan. Despite the
open rule of law; it can be said that environmental
regularity plan is applied as independent plan without
preparing regional plans in urban planning process. It can
be prepared in 1/100.000, 1/50.000 and 1/25.000 and the
authority for preparing it is The Ministry of Public Works
and Housing. On the other hand, the authority for
preparing ecological environmental plan is The Ministry
of Environment and Forestry.
c) Development Plans: Development Plans include
Master Plan and Application Development Plan that is
prepared convenient with it.
Master Plans are prepared in 1/2.000 and 1/5.000 scales
and are convenient with regional plans and environmental
plan, if they exist. The authorities for preparing it are
Metropolitan Municipalities.
Application Development Plans are prepared in 1/1.000
scale and are convenient with Master Plan. The
authorities for preparing it are municipalities.
d) Statistical Region Units: In the period of adaptation
to European Union, country based Statistical Regional
Units are described to collect and improve regional
statistics, to make socio-economic analysis of regions, to
describe regional policies and to prepare comparable
statistical database which is convenient with European
Union Regional Statistics System. According to this;
— There are 81 Statistical Region Units in "Level 3"
and they are provinces.
— There are 26 Statistical Region Units in "Level 2"
and they were described by grouping the neighbour
provinces in “Level 3”.
— There are 12 Statistical Region Units in “Level 1”
and they were described by grouping the Statistical
Region Units in “Level 2”.
Whole public associations and institutions must use this
structure. In this respect; the meaningfulness of collected
attribute information is dependent on relation with collected
geographic information in same levels. In other words; while
preparing regional plans, environmental plans and Master
plans, statistical region units should be taken into
consideration.
567
In planning process, the most important problem is to obtain up
to date geographical product. However much the appropriate
production for this aim is digital vector products, they are not
up to date, they don’t cover whole Turkey and they cannot be
updated. For this reason, in developing countries like Turkey,
it is thought that the most appropriate geographical products to
use in planning process are orthophoto maps.
5. USING ORTHOPHOTO MAPS IN PLANNING
PERIOD
The orthophoto maps, which are produced by using aerial
photographs and satellite images, can supply fast and
economical map production. Especially the orthophoto maps
that are produced by using satellite images, by means of
developing technology, are advancing for being economical
alternatives to classic maps.
Even the updating of digital vector products takes a short time,
at first step the production takes too much time. For example;
the production process of a 1/25.000 scaled map, which is used
in environmental plan, last approximately 3 years, as it is seen
in Table-2 (Ozbalmumcu, 2000). The production of a 1/50.000
scaled map, with the supposition of lasting ! year for
cartographic generation, photo-mechanic and printing
processes, lasts at least 4 years. Similarly; it can be said that a
1/100.000 scaled map can be produced in approximately 5
years, a 1/250.000 scaled map can be produced in
approximately 6 years. In other words, 1/25.000 scaled or
smaller scaled maps become not up to date when they are
presented to user. However, because the cities are always in a
change, for dynamic planning, the maps must be prepared and
updated in short times. So, it is appreciated that the optimum
solution from the view of time and cost are orthophoto
products.
; à ue Time
Number Executed Activity (Year)
Establishing, liming,
I measuring and computing 0.5
ground coordinate points and
aerial photography
Map production with the
2 photogrammetric stereo 1.0
compilation method
Topographic completion on
S land 0:3
Printing processes with the
4 cartographic and photo- 1.0
mechanic works
TOTAL 3.0
Table 2. 1/25 000 scaled digital vector map production phases
and durations.
For an area containing approximate 300 maps, the cost of
1/5.000 scaled digital map production is 1652 US Dollars and
it takes 102 hours (12.75 working days). In orthophoto
production for an area in the same size, the cost of a sheet is
218 US Dollars and it can be produced in 14 hours. In other
words, 1/5.000 scaled orthophoto map can be produced 7 times
faster and 7 times cheaper than digital vector map.
