International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B7. Istanbul 2004
For the 2003 Boumerdes event, the increase in spatial resolution
to 60cm necessitated additional processing, to distinguish
damage associated with building collapse. When plotted as a
damage map, the differenced edge detection and textural
dissimilarity results successfully located blocks of extreme
change. In this case, change was measured relatively rather than
absolutely, in terms of the standard deviation about the image
mean. The spectral signature of earthquake building damage
differs around the World, as the building stock and construction
materials vary. As such, devising universally applicable
measures of change poses a considerable challenge. Future
work will concentrate on standardising the methodology, so that
buildings damage can be detected, irrespective of urban setting.
The damage detection methodology presented in this paper
offers significant improvements to disaster management. It may
be envisaged how damage maps could provide emergency
responders and reconnaissance teams with a “quick-look’
regional damage assessment, supporting the prioritization of
relief efforts, enabling loss estimation, and immediately
determining whether the situation warrants international aid. In
terms of search and rescue, inspection of damage severity
through damage profiles and visual inspection could pinpoint
collapsed structures where victims may be trapped.
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6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The author gratefully acknowledges the National Science
Foundation and MCEER (NSF Award Number EEC-9701471)
for funding this research. Appreciation is extended to: the EERI
Learning from Earthquakes Program, for purchasing Quickbird
imagery of Boumerdes; the European Space Agency for
supplying ERS data, and NIK Insaat Ltd. of Istanbul for
providing SPOT coverage of Golcuk; the Architectural Institute
of Japan and Professor Fumio Yamazaki of Chiba University,
for use of the Golcuk and Boumerdes building damage
observations. Sincere thanks are given to Charles K. Huyck and
Ronald T. Eguchi of ImageCat, Inc. for their guidance and
assistance with damage map and damage profile development.
Dr. Babak Mansouri is acknowledged for contributions to the
Marmara analysis, together with Dr. Bijan Houshmand from
UCLA and Professor Masanobu Shinozuka of UCI.
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