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International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B7. Istanbul 2004
collapse (Anderson et al, 2000; Bakir et al., 2000). Other 6.
causes of building damage were due to poor building control
(http://www.koeri.boun.edu.tr/ depremmuh/ extent.htm , 2003),
for example:
Improper (unstable, corrupt, illegal) construction.
Illegal upward extensions that exceed the competence of the
foundations (point 4 above) were a common feature of
collapsed buildings. This poor building control was an indirect
1. Poor concrete quality; consequence of the recent rapid increase in population (8.8 96,
2. Poorreinforcement; 1990-1997 within the inner city boundary) (table 2). However,
3. Weak storey within a multi-storey building (e.g. open that pressure is no longer present, as between 1997 and 2000
space at the first floor); (before and after the earthquake) the population decreased by
4.
Structurally unsuitable alterations (e.g. added floor);
5. Longcantilevers with a heavy load;
6.5 % within the inner city boundary.
BLACK SEA N
; a 290 km 1
JUUCUM EMIT
„> |
* Adapczari
TURKEY
PF
MEDITERRANEAN SE
City Heavy Medium Light damage
damage to damage
collapse
Adapazari 11 373 5815 8 763
Izmit(Kocaeli) 3614 12 944 13335
Yalova 9 637 8 988 12 677
Table 1. Number of buildings damaged in Adapazari, Izmit and
Yalova by the 1999 earthquake (http://www. koeri.boun. edu.tr/
depremmuh/extent.htm, 2003).
Population 1990 1997 2000
Within the greater 272 039 354029 340 825
urban area
Within the inner city 169 099 184013 172000
boundary
Table 2. Population of Adapazari within both the greater urban
area and the inner city (http://www.die.gov.tr/nufus sayimi/,
2003).
Figure 2. Ground photographs of 1999 earthquake damage.
635
