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International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B7. Istanbul 2004 
A mock scenario to demonstrate the situation was created In 
order to simulate emergency response and to test emergency 
preparedness level. The scenario indicates that, a high jacked 
airplane was ordered to land in Santa Barbara Airport with 
warning of blowing out the plane if demands were not met. 
Disaster Mangers and Emergency Response community were 
exploring the level of danger, and which terminals and other 
buildings of the airport are at risk, in case of worst case 
scenario. Emergency response team was also exploring the 
way of communicating the current situation in visual format 
with other centers so that an effective, collective decision 
should be taken. Time of response, best options for reducing 
the damage in case of worst case scenario, which nearby 
infrastructure and natural resources would be affected. How 
they could monitor the situation using fly through simulation 
and how they could make their decision and action to end up 
this dramatic situation. 
3.2 Modeling Methodology 
Constructing visual model of Santa Barbara International 
Airport involved two processes, i.e, (1) desktop data 
preprocessing and setting visualization parameters and (2) 
building web-based visualization model using GeoServNet. 
The first part involved matching various data sets coordinate 
systems, data conversion to shapefile, since all vector layers 
provided were in shape 3D format (either polyline z or point z) 
it was crucial to convert those data sets to shapefiles as initial 
stage for using GeoServNet. The second stage was setting 
visualization parameters in terms of layers sequence and colors. 
GeoServNet has provided an easy and accessible data 
publishing facility. There are three major steps in converting 
desktop model to a 3D model. This involved building the data 
using GSNBulider module. Administrating and registering the 
data to the GSNServer using GSNAdministrator Module and 
finally authoring and setting vitalization parameters for the 
model using GSNPublisher Module. After this process was 
complete, an HTML application file was created and linked to a 
webpage as shown in Figure 3. All Internet users can access 
GSN models through standard internet browsers. 
Emergency Preparedness conceptual modeling resulted from 
GIS web based visualization models utilized the following 
techniques: 
1) Three-dimensional perspective views, which was created to 
provide different angle looking views for particular 
infrastructure. 
2) Animation or fly-through which provides sequence 
visualization for pre-determined section. 
3.3 Modeling Results 
Results obtained from modeling Santa Barbara Airport using 
GSN have clearly demonstrated that visualization of Santa 
Barbara Airport was efficient and effective in allowing 
interoperable ^ web-based rapid response model for 
infrastructure protection and emergency response. 
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Figure 3 web-based 2D model of Santa Barbara 
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As it is noticeable from Figure 3 above, the utility of using 
web-based visualization published results over the internet 
makes visualization very effective in approximating the real 
world models, as well in determining the effectiveness and 
efficiency of informed decision making process over the 
internet based on a mocked scenario. 
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Figure 4 3D model of Santa Barbara airport runway and 
buildings 
The 3D fly through shown on figure 4 above can be used in 
fulfilling the scenario requirements in terms of determining 
which part of the runway might be affected in case of the worse 
case scenario, GeoServNet also posses the capability of 
conducting measures and analysis surface profile based on the 
3D visualization and on interactive two points on screen 
selection. This function is very crucial in determining the slope 
and aspect if any based on the scenario. The above figure 
(Figure 4) also demonstrates the capability of simulating fly- 
over the scene in case of airport shut down in order for close 
monitoring to the situation. 
Capabilities of GeoServNet go beyond that to allow on the fly 
layer rendering and change, which is effective in visualizing