bul 2004 
ombined 
5 that the 
viewing 
qual to 
ence and 
: and the 
btain the 
along the 
Jnder the 
tal offset 
z 8.75 cm, 
ceeds the 
fferential 
it. On the 
de of the 
2 fringes, 
1 outward 
ital offset 
2.8m and 
ently, the 
re severe 
inted that 
arthquake 
ome local 
vents, and 
, near the 
arthquake 
tly curves 
arthquake 
re zone of 
pet lies in 
acuo fault 
le seismic 
extending 
> of fault 
maximum 
; east and 
ing results 
m around 
its that the 
verse fault 
ind the tilt 
and Chen 
arthquake, 
uring. All 
e analysis 
ıtial SAR 
ment field 
8, 1997 in 
concluded 
s the most 
area. Also 
left-lateral 
anism and 
nated. The 
International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B7. Istanbul 2004 
observed changes in range from the ground surface to the 
satellite agree well with the slip measured in the field, with the 
displacement measured by surveying, and with the results of an 
elastic dislocation model. 
With suitable SAR data set and processing methods, SAR 
differential interferometry can capture high-spatial-resolution 
co-seismic displacements and surface deformation information 
on the order of centimeters, without advance knowledge of the 
earthquake's location by removing the signal from the 
topography. But it is notified that fringe indications on the 
differential interferogram represent only the shift of every pixel 
along radar viewing direction, the actually surface deformation 
displacement maybe trend vertical or horizontal direction, or 
slant direction, furthermore maybe the comprehensive 
deformation displacement along various direction. Thus, the 
deformation interpretation of the differential interferogram and 
fringe patterns could be various. Our observations show that 
there is localized heterogeneity in the deformation field of the 
Mani earthquake within 270 km of the main rupture. This 
discrepancy could be resolved with further modeling of the 
displacement expected from an elastically responding 
lithosphere and comparison of models to interferometric results. 
Radar differential interferometry has generated enormous 
interest in the China’s Earth science community because they 
point to an entirely new way to study the surface of the Earth, it 
is grandly significant to earth sciences, especially to seismology 
studies. Also it will become an essential technological method 
to monitor, assess, and relieve earthquake activity, combining 
with GPS, imaging-spectral sensor, and thermal infrared sensor 
et al. remote sensing new technologies. It is expected that the 
technique and its applications of SAR differential 
interferometry will develop rapidly with the development of 
radar remote sensing in China. 
REFERENCES 
Feng Hao, 1999. Discussion on the Magnitude of the Earth 
quake Occurring at Mani, Tibet on November 8, 1997. Recent 
Developments in World Seismology (Chinese), (7), pp. 1~7. 
Gabriel A. K, Goldstein R. M. and Zebker H. A., 1989. 
Mapping small elevation changes over large areas: Differential 
radar interferometry. J. Geophys. Res., 94(B7), pp. 9183-9191. 
Gens R, Genderen V. J. 1996. SAR interferometry-issues, 
techniques, applications. Int. J. Remote Sensing, 17(10), pp. 
1803-1835. 
Goldstein R. M, Zebker H. A. and Werner C. L., 1988. Satellite 
radar interferometry: two-dimensional phase unwrapping. 
Radio Sci., 23(4), pp. 713-720. 
Kimura H., and M. Todo, 1997. Baseline Estimation Using 
Ground Points for Interferometric SAR. IGRASS’97, 
pp.442-444. 
Li Jianhua., 1998. A study on fault activity of Qiangtang and its 
neighboring areas in Tibet by using Landsat Images. 
Seismology and Geology (Chinese). 20(3), pp. 201-207. 
Peltzer, G. and P. Rosen, 1995. Surface displacement of the 17 
May 1993 Eureka Valley, California earthquake observed by 
SAR interferometry, Science, 268, pp. 1333-1336. 
735 
Rodriguez E., and J. M. Martin., 1992. Theory and design of 
interferometric synthetic aperture radars. IEEE, Proceedings-F, 
139(2), pp. 147-159. 
Xu Lisheng and Chen Yuntai, 1999. Earthquake rupture process 
of the 1997 Mani, in Tibet, China, Acta Seismologica Sinca 
(Chinese), 21(5), pp. 449-459, 
Xu Xiwei, Song Fangming, Yang Xiaoping et al, 2000. 
Seismological evidences and implications of potential 
carthquake source around surface rupture region in China. 
Research on earthquake information (Chinese), 44(1), pp. 
14-26. 
Zebker H. A, Rosen P, Goldstein R. M, et al., 1994. On the 
derivation of coseismic displacement fields using differential 
radar interferometry: The Mani earthquake. J. Geophys. Res., 
99, pp. 19617-19634. 
Zebker H. A. and Goldstein R. M., 1986. Topographic mapping 
from interferometric synthetic aperture radar observations, J. 
Geophys. Res., 91(B5), pp. 4993-4999. 
Zebker H. A. and Villasenor J., 1992. Decorrelation in 
interferometric radar echoes. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote 
Sensing, 30(5), pp. 950-959. 
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 
The project is supported by the Foundation (Grant No. 
SK040002) of State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing 
Sciences, CAS and the NJTU Intellectual Foundation of China 
(Grant No. TJJ03002).