ES 
ırsat.kz 
soils are 
ns of the 
jermany) 
SION 
flectance 
ll as soils 
iil 
jils 
| 
  
MMKM) 
st site 
, 
ch) 
milar to 
ter. Figure 
astal salt- 
d this 
zut- 
‚determine 
ficient S is 
International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B7. Istanbul 2004 
similar to the NDVI index and, in course of space picture 
analyzing, will characterize colority of objects under study. 
The coefficients S and Q are determined as follows: 
[max - Imin 
S= = °°, (1) 
Imax + Imin 
Q =Imax/Imin (2) 
where [max Imin are the maximum and minimum values of the 
reflected emission intensity within visible range of solar 
emission. 
Nevertheless, in our opinion, characterization of an object color 
by reflectance factors, determined following generally accepted 
technique, is more correct. . If the intensity of optical emission 
incident onto a specimen is denoted as Ij, and the intensity of 
reflected signal as I, then the reflectance factor for a specified 
wavelength can be determined by the relation [4]: 
AA) 
Ki 
ref |; 
(3) 
In our case the value of Ig equals Ij71, whereas the current value 
I; is determined from the optical reflectance spectra normalized 
to Ig. If we wish to estimate a certain value of the reflectance 
factor within a specified wavelength range (e.g. in visible 
wavelength range À=0.4 to 7.61), then we are to take as I, the 
area under the spectral curve ranging from À,=0.4p to 1570.76], 
Le, 
K (4) 
ref 
te 10) 
T 2 
where I(X) is the experimental (real) function of the optical 
reflectance spectrum shape function, normalized to I. 
In this case a value of I is the area under rectangle with the 
base AA = A, e À and the height fra, aA =" 
Values of K,,; we obtained are also given in Table 1. Table 
demonstrates that K,. of spill ail is higher by a factor of almost 
5 than that of coastal salt-marsh. 
  
  
  
  
  
  
No Object Name S Q K ren. 
|. | Spill ail 0.57+0.02 | 2.6+0.2 1.09+0.005 
2 | Strongly mazut- | 0.60+0.02 | 7.00.02 | 0.15+0.01 
contaminated 
soil 
3 | Weakly mazut- 0.70+0.02 | 10.50.3 | 0.34+0.02 
contaminated 
soil 
4 | Relatively pure 0.84+0.03 | 13.0+0.4 | 0.42+0.02 
soil (coastal salt- 
marsh) 
  
  
  
  
  
  
Table 1. Values of the coefficients S, Q, and K,.q, 
derived from the spectra depicted in fig. 1. 
741 
Then we obtained the optical reflectance spectra from samples 
taken in various points over the spill ail cross section These 
spectra were used to contour spill ail spots by dependence of the 
reflectance factor K.¢ on a distance to oil well: K,...= f(r). The 
data obtained are given in Table 2. 
  
  
  
  
  
Place of study R,m Kien 
Site 1 0 0.09 
10.0 0.09 
20.0 0.15 
30.0 0.15 
45.0 0.16 
60.0 0.17 
75.0 0.40 
100.0 0.42 
Site 2 0 0.20 
10.0 0.21 
20.0 0.18 
35.0 0.25 
50.0 0.22 
60.0 0.41 
100.0 0.42 
Site 3 0 0.10 
10.0 0.10 
25.0 0.11 
40.0 0.12 
60.0 0.34 
100.0 0.38 
  
  
  
  
Table 2. Calculated dependence K,en = fr) 
Table shows that the dependence K,..= f(r) is stepped, and for 
spill ail around the well in point 1 two steps are observed in the 
dependence curve K,,.— f(r). The first step corresponds to 
boundary between liquor oil and strongly mazut-contaminated 
soil. Here the optical reflectance factor varies by 50 to 70% with 
the inaccuracy of determination comprising +3 to 5%. The 
second step corresponds to the boundary between spill ails and 
conventionally pure soils. Here K,.. varies by leaps and bounds 
by a factor of 3 to 5. Naturally, such enormous change in K, is 
determined with ease by space-base spectrometric systems. 
The data presented in Table 2 make it possible to estimate sizes 
of spill ail around oil wells. For instance, according to table 2, a 
distance between the well and the spill ail boundary in point 1 
equals 70 m. A distance r > 70 m corresponds to conventionally 
pure territory— coastal salt-marsh. Hence, spill ail around the 
well occupies about 1.5 hectare. 
With the dependence K,..= f(r) one can separate the area 
adjacent to the well where the lowest value of the reflectance 
factor is observed, K,er -0.9. This section of oil spot of the area 
about 0.3 hectare corresponds to a site with fresh crude oil, i.e., 
in this well, seemingly, sealing is broken. 
Table 2 shows that for spill ail around the well in point 3 and 
for the area of man-cased waste storing (site 2) a single step is 
available in the dependence K,n=f(r). Here, in the region of 
transition from strongly mazut-contaminated grounds to 
conventionally pure soils, K,n Varies by several. These 
variations are recorded in the solar emission reflectance spectra 
in course of remote-sensing technique monitoring.