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International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B7. Istanbul 2004
DIA — direct influence area (AID — área de influéncia direta)
— an area related to DAA and surroundings including the
local draining and the spaces among neighbor farms which
were not acquired.
[IA — indirect influence area (AII — área de influéncia
indireta) — na area that comprises the main draining basins
involved in each project.
MIA — municipal influence area (AIM — área de influéncia
municipal) — an area that corresponds to the bigger
surrounding municipalities wich border the project area.
2.2.4 Cartograrphic Base Definition
2.2.4.1 Projection and Cartographic Data System:
The project of each Natural Reserve was executed according
to the Brasilian Systematic Mapping (Mapeamento
Sistemätico Brasileiro) model, in Universal Tranversa
Mercator — UTM and Datum SAD-69. Considering the maps
printing, the scale adopted was 1:10,000.
2.2.4.2 Flight and Digital Orthophoto:
photogrammetry services were hired using flights with a
1:30,000 scale and generation of digital orthophotos in a
1:10,000 scale.
2.2.4.3 Digital Cartografic Base: Alongside with the
orthophotos an hydrography restitution and the digital terrain
model (DTM) were hired. Through the digitalization method
over orthophoto in CAD software or with the data acquisition
with GPS, the main roads and the importants sites inside the
reserves were drawn, as well as an adaptation of other
existing cartographic bases of the region. These data were :
prepared and inserted into a GIS ambient (Geographic
Information System), with insertion of complementary
attributes as identification, dimensions and properties.
Legends for each mapping issue were also defined.
225 Prospection and Acquisition of the Areas:
Perimeters Mapping and area description documents: At first
all the areas to be acquired as well as their respective owners
were identified based on maps furnished by the
municipalities and by an agrarian inquiry. From the
cartografic base, orthophotos and a GPS survey with more
than 50 em precision, the agrarian information could be
completed and checked, with the tabulation of the data
related to the limits of the acquired properties aiming at the
agrarian regularization. Each perimeter was shown in details
in the area description documents and the maps. For the
unification of the several perimeters maps area description
documents were also being done, according to the Brazilian
law requirements.
22:52 Degraded Areas Quantification: Inside the
properties perimeters the deforested areas were identified and
quantified. For this purpose a visual interpretation of the
photos were done, with the areas being drawn over the
orthophoto in a GIS ambient.
809
2.3 Projects Execution Phases
2.3.1 Detailed survey of the physical environment
23.1.1 Cartographic information preparation: In
order to ensure an adequate development of the work,
cartographic information in a 1:10,000 scale in the hard copy
and digital forms were supplied to the tecnnical staff
responsible for the surveys in Soils, Geology and Vegetation.
2.3.1.2 Support and orientation to the technical staff
in each area: aiming at the several surveys being executed in
an organized form and with facilities for inserting them into a
GIS ambient, the GIS staff in charge of the projects kept a
close contact with the field technician, giving them
orientation about the working scales, digitalization forms of
the data and methodologies for description of the ambients,
in such a way that the data common to the GIS objects could
be designated to the GIS objects (shapes, points, lines) in a
simple and direct way.
2.8.1.3 Survey conclusion: with the raw data sent by
the technical staff, the next step was the edition and
transformation of these data in polygons by means of the
software tools of ArcInfo and ArcView. The attributes
describing the polygons and other objects were inserted
resulting in final maps in scale 1:10,000 for each one of the
surveys.
2.3.2 Forest Restoration
2.3.2.1 Definition of the Priority Areas: With the
help of the Forest Restoration technicians in the rules
definition phase, it was stablished, from the cross-referencing
of soil, geology and vegetation maps, which would be the
priority areas for the forest restoration inside the reserves.
Such rules were based on the ambient fragility, defining
weights to each soil, geology and vegetation characteristic,
which resulted in an environmental fragility map.
2.3.2.2 Matrices Monitoring: Seeds from native trees
are collected for the production of trees at nursery,
designated for plantation in restoration areas. Each matrix
tree is georeferenced with the help of a GPS equipment and
then marked at the field. From the development of trees at
nurserry it is possible to obtain the productiveness of each
matrix tree considering the origin of the seeds.
2.3.2.3 Forest Restoration Plan — Plantation:
Homogeneous areas were defined based on the cross-
referencing of vegetation, soils maps and the results of
restoration priorities. Information concerning to accesses and
slopes also took part of this work. With this crossing,
restoration polygons with similar characteristics could be
separated. Each of these areas receive different seed species,
also with different planting spacing, treatment and
maintenance. In addition, the access and slope of terrain
information are still the basis for the definition of the trees
plantation technique (by hand, with machines, with pole,
etc). Each polygon in the GIS receives a number, that
become the key between the mapping and the restoration
data base. Besides serving as activity manager, the GIS sends
additional information to the data base as area in hectares and
