hul 2004 
O 
L30 
  
  
  
3 PERFORMANCE EVALUATION BY OUTDOOR 
EXPERIMENT 
In order to evaluate more practical accuracy, experiment was 
performed at outdoor using following 4 card size digital 
cameras and armature digital camera (CP-900Z). 17 targets 
were set on the test field which shown in figure 8. Circled 9 
points were used for camera calibration, and other 8 points were 
used as check points. 3D coordinates of each target are 
measured by the total station (Accuracy of distance is Imm, 
accuracy of angle is 2” ), and image coordinate were given 
as center of area gravity by image processing procedures. 
Stereo images were taken 5 times using the 5 cameras so that 
base-height ration (0.34) might become the same condition 
(distance from the center of camera to test field (H:23.617m), 
and base line(B:8.029m)). 
  
Figure 8 Test field 
Table 3 R.M.S.E for the check points 
Model 1 | Model 3 |Theoretical value 
(mm) (mm) (mm) 
a xy 2.3908 | 5.2041 2.2884 
Oz 9.6100 | 8.3887 0.7258 
MA a xy 6.0880 | 4.1435 2.8505 
DMAGC X Oz 7.7025 | 8.8318 8.3848 
a xy 6.7182 | 3.7829 2.8212 
  
  
Product Name Accuracy 
  
  
CP-900Z 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Optes Oz: | 95808 | 75772 | 390i 
oxy | 35554 | 33958 | 30289 
ys Oz | 86083 | 74982 | 83091 
EX Oxy | 7.7963 | 29354 | 2.8265 
Oz 8.1479 | 10.1759 8.9297 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
e (ER © 
"i 11 KR 
Where, H: altitude, f: focal length, B: base line 
2 ,.pointing accuracy 
Table3 shows R.M.S.E for 8 check points. Model 1 means the 
results which were corrected by radial polynomial 3rd degrees 
distortion model, model 3 means by radial and tangential model, 
theoretical values means computed values using Eqs. (1) as 
pointing accuracy for each camera was assumed 0.3 pixel. 
It may be said from this results that lens distortion for the card 
size digital cameras can be improved by radial and tangential 
International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B-YF. Istanbul 2004 
distortion model as well as experiment on the above-mentioned, 
in particular XY accuracy is considerably improved by model 3. 
The accuracy for the card size digital cameras which were 
corrected by Modl 3 showed almost same accuracy compare 
with CP-900Z which were corrected by model 1. Furthermore, 
the accuracy for the card size digital cameras which were 
corrected by Modl 3 showed almost same accuracy compare 
with theoretical accuracy. 
Consequently, it can be concluded that card size digital cameras 
are ushering in photogrammetric fields as an essential tool, 
which have ability to promise convenient photogrammetry 
4 CONCLUSIONS 
Performance evaluation of the card size digital cameras for 
digital photogrammetry were investigated. XY accuracy is 
considerably improved by radial and tangential distortion model 
(model 3), and lens distortion for the card size digital cameras 
can be improved by model 3. Nevertheless lens distortion for 
armature digital camera with more than 3 mega pixels can be 
improved by radial polynomial 3rd degree distortion model as 
usual. 
On the other hand, from the results of the relationship with 
accuracy and pixel numbers, it can be seen that accuracy for the 
card size digital cameras which were corrected by model 3 
shows almost same value with high resolution armature digital 
cameras with more than 3 mega pixels and professional digital 
cameras with 6 mega pixels 
Furthermore, the accuracy for the card size digital cameras 
which were corrected by Model 3 showed almost same 
accuracy compare with CP-900Z which were corrected by 
model 1 and with theoretical accuracy. 
Consequently, it is expected that card size digital cameras are 
popularly used in photogrammetric fields as a essential tool 
which have ability to progress convenient photogrammetry. 
Reference from Other Literature: 
Y. KUNII and H. CHIKATSU, 2001, On the Application of 3 
Million Consumer Pixel Camera to Digital Photogrammetry, 
Proceedings of SPIE (Videometrics VII), Vol.4309, pp.278-287 
H. CHIKATSU and Y. KUNII, 2002, Performance Evaluation 
of Recent High Resolution Amateur Cameras and Application 
to Modeling of Historical Structure, International Archives of 
Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Vol.XXXIV, Part5, 
pp.337-341, Corfu 
R. NAKADA and H. CHIKATSU, 2003, Generating 3D Model 
of "Meguro Residence" using Digital Armature Camera, 
International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 
(CD-Rom), Vol.XXXIV-5/W10, ISSN 1682-1777, Vulpera 
Fryer J. G. and Brown D.C., 1986, Lens Distortion for Close- 
Range Photogrammetry, Photogrammetric Engineering and 
Remote Sensing, Vol.52, No.1, pp. 51-58.