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International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B-YF. Istanbul 2004 
6. DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL 
Digital elevation model is produced by linear interpolation of 
contours. Interpolation was used to determine the not known 
heights between contours. TIN (triangulated irregular method) 
was used for digital elevation model. The used DEM was 
produced in ArcView software. Obtained DEM is given in 
figure 3. 
   
  
  
  
AC - aT 
AST. MAS 
Qn qz 
INA TUST 
  
      
  
  
  
  
1601 
A - 16H 
; Ike 
FA - 1742 
1791 
   
Figure 3. Digital Elevation Model of the Study Area 
7. EVALUATION OF THE OCCURRED 
LANDSLIDES 
Avutmus, Akbudak - Agriculture Technician Office, 
Gümüshane - Kavaklar, Yildiz, Kirkgóz, Dereli-Küntük, Dereli- 
Karahanlilar, Camlik and Kulacik landslides are evaluated with 
their time, forms, average width, length, slope, consistency 
limits and damage. 
The main causes of these landslides are determined as: 
1. Hard and cracked clays, whose dry and self resistance 
is high, may scatter and break into pieces easily when 
they contact with water. 
2. Slip resistance parameters of rocks are decreasing 
because of dissociation. 
3. Because irrigation is done by ditches, water leaks 
under soil. 
4. Slope arrangements by roads are insufficient. 
  
Figure 4. Occurred Landslides on DEM 
169 
  
  
  
    
  
A Kıf 
M 
TE 
Tk 
= Ty 
Figure 5. Occurred Landslides with Geological Formations 
  
Figure 6. Geological Formations on DEM 
8. RISK MAP 
Township may divide 5 parts after evaluation of occurred 
landslides: 
l. Rock Fall Zones: Rock falls and slips are occurred at 
the north and south sides of the township. Buildings at 
these regions are under risk. Settlement should permit 
after the emergency distance. 
2. First Degree: This zone includes the areas that were 
affected by the slipping and flowing movements. 
Active movements occur at the melting and rainy 
seasons. Slopes are higher than average slope at this 
zone. Settlement should be banned in this zone. 
3. Second Degree: This zone includes the areas that were 
affected by the slip and flow movements. Topography 
is wavy. There are vertical deviations. Settlement is 
inconvenient. Present constructions should be stopped 
and buildings should be under observations. 
4. Third Degree: This zone is not widespread. But there 
are slipping symptoms, swelling and gathering 
movements in this zone. Settlement should be