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International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XXXIX-B4, 2012
XXII ISPRS Congress, 25 August — 01 September 2012, Melbourne, Australia
A PEDESTRIAN ACCESSIBLE POSITION EXTRACTION METHOD OF EXISTING 3D
FILES FOR LARGE BUILDING EVACUATIONS
Lei Niu®* , Xinli Ke”, Zhiwei Qiu?
* Faculty of Surveying and Spatial Information, Henan University of Urban Construction, Postcode 467036,
Pingdingshan, Henan, China, niuneilneo@hotmail.com
® College of land management, Huazhong Agricultural University, Postcode 430079, Wuhan, Hubei, China,
kexinliky@163.com
Commission IV, WG IV/8
KEY WORDS: 3D; Large Building; Evacuation; Pedestrian Data Extraction; Semi-automatic Solution
ABSTRACT:
As the emergency evacuation research in large building area draws more attention than ever before, it is natural to fast acquire the
navigation information for this purpose. Current solution for extracting human accessible area from existing data files consumes a
significant amount of resource and time. Thus a better solution is required. We propose a semi-automatic plan, which introduces a
conceptual model to extract and organize the accessible data of
arge building. This solution utilizes several spatial algorithms to
extract detail traversing information from existing 3D building files and introduce spatial relationships to manage the extracted data.
1. INTRODUCTION
People need to face several challenging problems in modern
society, such as natural disasters and artificial ones. Whatever
the disaster is, we should find a fast responding plan to address
the emergency caused by these disasters. Among this approach,
the emergency responding in building-intensive area draws the
attention of researchers, and the hotspot in this area is people
evacuation in large building group.
The people evacuation requires a delicate plan to meet the
demand of directing people out of the emergency scene fast and
safely, and this can only be achieved by executing evacuation
simulation with real people and environment or with software-
simulated people and environment. The former solution could
generate more workable evacuation plan but cost more
resources than the latter one. Therefore, the promising research
trend is to choose the second way that uses the evacuation
simulation program to mimic the emergency situation, produce
and evaluate the evacuation plan.
Under usual circumstance, the evacuation simulation program
needs navigation data extracted from the real building with high
accuracy and volume (figure 1); otherwise the simulation result
cannot help researchers analyse the possible emergency
situation. This means the supply of navigation data is crucial for
evacuation simulation.
X,
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X
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Analyse
; oy Sel
Uilding ? 3
Expert
Structure Dat; e
ücture Data Knowledge poser
Figure l. Concept model of pedestrian data extraction from
building structure data
Researchers would face two challenges in order to acquire the
Proper evacuation simulation data. The first challenge is to form
1 Lua
* .
Correspondin g author.
up a spatial relationship model to extract accessible data from
existing building structure files, and the second challenge is to
finish this extraction task for high volume data in a comparative
short time period automatically than manually.
These two challenges could only be overcome by utilizing
proper methods. For example, introducing parallel computing
technology could meet the computational demand of the high
data volume of simulation data; while the complex spatial
relationship model could only be constructed by improving
existing models across several related disciplines.
2. LTERATURE REVIEW
Different researchers have taken various approaches to prepare
raw navigation data for evacuation simulation. Lee and
Zlatanova has proposed a solution to introduce the spatial
topological relationships into the working procedure of
extracting communication network from existed CAD files,
which records the building structure(Lee and Zlatanova 2008).
Li and He took a further step to prepare accessible data ready,
and they combine the routing context information with the
graph-extracted communication network(LI and HE 2008).
This approach is followed by several researchers. Nagel has
successfully produce some semantic information of building
structure from un-interpreted data files, and this finding could
also be easily transformed to extract communication data for
emergency evacuation simulation(Nagel, Stadler et al. 2009).
Furthermore, Boguslawski has introduced a boundary object
called ‘cell’ to improve the extraction efficiency(Boguslawski,
Gold et al. 2011).
Besides the CAD extraction research, there is another approach
discussing the 3D discretization of the accessible position for
building environment. Bandi and Thalmann proposed a method
of discretize the accessible plane for human navigation with 2D
cells. Yuan and Schneider argue that a LEGO representation