lume XXXIX-B4, 2012
ETWORKS IN
400076 Mumbai,
ment, Agriculture
form for better decision
'ver-increasing spread of
or networks on common
iltural domain. The Open
semantic and syntactic
Server) were selected to
operable data processing
vation Service (SOS). An
he retrieval of crop water
client has also the ability
N systems has shown that
collected sensor data and
ossible to implement the
ir specific format (Honda
. Sudharsan et al., 2012;
t for users from diverse
t lineage of collected data
formats and increases the
a discovery. Hence, there
cations and encodings to
mmon platform to resolve
y issues (Durbha et al.,
n (OGC) has brought
| Sensor Web Enablement
2006; Walter and Nash,
n through four standard
rvices such as Sensor
Planning Service (SPS),
xification Service (WNS)
ng sensors and sensor
| Language (SensorML),
L) and Observation and
is, 2012).
o propose and implement
ich as Sensor SensorML,
n of agriculture based
.. 2012; Tripathy et al.,
ted sensing devices Were
International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XXXIX-B4, 2012
XXII ISPRS Congress, 25 August — 01 September 2012, Melbourne, Australia
used. The integrated client that has been developed can
facilitate seamless integration and online visualization of
sensor observations and measurements for agriculture
applications.
2. GEOSENSE
GeoSense is an Indo-Japan initiative on integrating Geo-ICT
and WSN for Precision Agriculture. Two sensor systems
(AgriSens and FieldServer) were implemented. Dynamic real
to near-real time data was collected, processed, analysed, and
mined to provide location based services and agricultural
advisory.
2.1 AgriSens (AS)
AS consists of Stargate (base station) communicating to
various sensor hubs called Motes, which were placed in
different positions and distributed across the field (SPANN
Lab, 2011). Stargate plays an important role in receiving the
data from the motes network and transmitting the data to
remote server through mobile cellular GPRS / 3G network.
Each mote has an array of sensors placed at various locations
on the mote (Figure 1).
Temperature sensor
Humidity sensor
Leaf Wetness Sensor
Soil Moisture sensor
Soil Temperature
sensor
Figure 1. Mote of AgriSens (GeoSense, 2011)
Different sensors used in AgriSens are Temperature, Humidity,
and Leaf Wetness. The details of sensors are specified in Table
| (Neelamegam et al., 2007).
SN | Name Make
Temperature Sensor | LM61 BIZ
Humidity Sensor SY-HS-220
Leaf Wetness | Vantage Pro2 6420
Sensor
À Mote wirelessly communicate in Zigbee mode (receiving and
transmitting) among themselves and transfers the collected
¥nsor data to the base station (Stargate). The basic
actions between various sensors of the mote are shown in
1gure 2.
Table 1. Sensor Details
437
een ee
íi Temperature i i Humidity
; Sensor Ld Sensor
Recordcr
ML, temperature
Mote Data recording sensors and
activities
^ NEN Record of
Record of Record of (eat the data
timestamp emn
H ^
í yr d X ss |
i Clock : Leaf Wetness |
d ; Ci Sensor
Record of
turoidiby
station
From base
station to
Remote
Serveron
Internet
7
Figure 2. Sensor process model
2.2 FieldServer (FS)
FS is evolved out of many dynamic experiments on
agriculture/environmental aspects in 90's and currently, 3rd
generation FieldServers are available. It is a WiFi (long range
communication) based self-organizing distributed sensing
device (Figure 3) with 24 bit and 24 channels. The embedded
board in FS can accommodate the sensors to sense weather,
agricultural and environmental parameters such as air-
temperature, humidity, relative humidity, CO», etc. FS
transfers sensory data directly to the gateway, a central server
in the field, it is then transmitted further over remote server on
to the web (FieldServer, 2011).
Fon-- (WiFi) & 3G
network
+ Solar Radiation Sensor
Camera
-
FS Processing
Board & Sensor Unit
Temperature Sensor
Humudity Sensor
Figure 3. FieldServer installed in field
(GeoSense, 2011)
3. SENSOR WEB ENABLEMENT IN GEOSENSE
Presently, although the GeoSense is based on Open Source
Consortium (OSC) standards, each sensing system has its own
data format thus contributing to the diversity of the data
sources. This brings out semantic and syntactic heterogeneity
in the sensory database. To facilitate interoperability and data
discovery there is a need for implementing OGC SWE
standards.
3.1 SensorML for GeoSense
SensorML is a eXtensible Markup Language (XML)
representation used to represent the different aspects of sensor
system. It describes details on different aspects like sensor
system description, process model, process chain, connections,
system physical layout, etc. (Figure 4) (Botts and Robin, 2007).
