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International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XXXIX-B4, 2012
XXII ISPRS Congress, 25 August — 01 September 2012, Melbourne, Australia
3.2.3 Plan for updating base maps
Plans to update base maps are also considered as same as an
initial plan discussed above. As the questionnaire survey for gap
analysis shows, digital maps that are not updated become
difficult to use. To prevent this situation, a mechanism for
continuously updating these maps should be established.
Updating all such maps every year, however, can be quite
expensive. An optimal update method can be achieved by
balancing needs with costs. Figure 11 shows this method with
four classifications. Since Japanese law requires that aerial
photographs for fixed assets be taken on a cycle of three years
or more, and that base maps for urban planning work be
updated on a cycle of five years or more, these conditions
should be satisfied.
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e update by partially
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Update nat trequentiy, Update riot frequertly,
low | usdate by completely update by partially
low Update Cost high
Figure 11. Needs-Costs chart
3.2.4 Plan for creating and integrating common thematic map
Not only is a GIS useful in creating base maps of the whole
area; it also adds on them urban planning information, land
boundary, and infrastructure / utility information like water and
sewerage. This information can be effectively used for various
works. In many cases, data can be shared among divisions.
Based on questionnaire results, various thematic maps is scored
on the basis of whether it has been digitized, and other divisions
require. Data ranked a higher priority is loaded onto the ERP-
GIS. This promotes effectiveness of the ERP-GIS from the
beginning. Table 1 shows an example in which common
thematic map is classified into four groups, from priority A to D.
riority description content example
-Zoning and regulation
A Digital data and already used in some|-Cadastre
projects with GIS. -Community area
-Public facility
B Currently paper based, but high-need in| po a nn map
several projects. -Agricultural regulation
-Water facility map
-Sewerage facility map
-Building certification
-Archaeological site
-Environmental regulation
Table 1. Priority of common thematic maps
C Currently not decided data creation on
integration policy
D Create digital map in individual projects
3.2.5 Plan for system integration
A web-type is employed, that are used widely among agency
personnel, for ERP-GIS. When selecting the functions for ERP-
GIS, rather than looking around conventional customized ways,
a request for information (RFI) is adopted in terms of cost
effectiveness and the market average.
As ERP-GIS can view whole-area maps for every personnel,
legacy individual work specified-GIS should be reconsidered
for an integration strategy. By inquiring again about the
necessity of each system, about whether a new system can
satisfy the needs of the legacy systems, and the systems have
been managed effectively, reconsideration can result in an
optimum system and contribute to cost savings. The decision
flow in Figure 12 is used for analysis.
Legacy Specified-GIS Willing to have Specified-GIS
Any work-specific. No No _.- Necessary work-
function? specific function?
} Yes Yes
_.- Mecessarysudh-.. No fasytomigrate- No
function as well?
Yes | Yes
Keep specified GIS | Integrate to ERP-GIS | Develop specified-Gis
Figure 12. Decision flow for specified-GIS
One example in which the decision flow was used showed that
although the legacy systems had specialized functions such as
data edit and analysis, they were not used frequently. This
tendency was particularly noticeable at branch offices. This
indicates that the system exceeded actual requirements. Those
too advanced functions were required before merger. However,
since roles of branches have been changed after merger,
personnel have transferred, or operational support has not been
insufficient, the system with much functions have become
useless. In such cases, an interoperable method is effective that
shares work between the head and branch offices by using the
specified-GIS in combination with ERP-GIS (Figure 13).
Many Specified-GIS Specified-GIS
T e] +
ERP-GIS
| Specified.
GIS da
Data maintenance *
Before merger After merger
Figure 13. Combination of specified-GIS and ERP-GIS
3.3 Cost-benefit analysis (phase 3)
3.3.1 Outline
In this phase, costs and benefits are calculated to verify the
feasibility of the analysis-based scenario. The costs consisted
with initial of integrating maps and systems, and updating maps
and maintaining systems. This approach allows a comparison of
the cost-saving effects of eliminating paper maps and specified-
GIS, as well as of reduced working hours. This analysis offers a
long-term estimate of subsequent management and provides an
understanding of cost-recovery timing. Then, the results of
analysis also help to promote personnel to use. There are also
some effects not expressed in quantitative way. These include
improvements in citizen services, closing the information gap,
and others. Effects that can be expressed numerically are called
quantitative effects, and those effects that have a potential to
spread are qualitative effects; these are described below.
3.3.2 Quantitative effects
Figure 14 shows quantitative effects. The blue line indicates
costs. These include the map creation, the construction of
systems and the procurement of hardware. Major expenses are
incurred in the first year, with annual maintenance occurring
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