International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XXXIX-B4, 2012
XXII ISPRS Congress, 25 August — 01 September 2012, Melbourne, Australia
thereafter. The red line indicates benefits. As described above,
these include the elimination of legacy specified-GIS and the
future suppression effect, as ERP-GIS is introduced. Working
hours are expressed as labor costs, and reflect the reduction in
working hours using maps—obtained through questionnaire
analysis. The graph shows that an effect becomes apparent in
the second year. That the “effect of improvement of working
hours is obtained by the introduction of a GIS” has long been
discussed; this graph method verifies the effect visually.
(thousands Yen) ———
800,000 / MEER
Í
600,000 -
400,000 -
200,000 +
9th j
( duration )
Figure 14. Cost-Benefit diagram
3.3.3 Qualitative effects
Qualitative effects are described next. Figure 15 shows
statistical data from local governments in Japan and shows
fields in which GIS have been introduced. The largest effects
are in the field of fixed asset tax. This is followed by the fields
of urban planning, road, agriculture and forestry, water and
sewerage. These results show the leading role that GIS play in
fields involving civil engineering, where GIS are most
commonplace. The graph also implicates a wide spread of
application fields. It is anticipated that taking a merger as the
turning point for introducing ERP-GIS can improve awareness
within the agency. This approach is expected to overcome gaps
between fields, as well as between branch offices.
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Figure 15. GIS-used fields in local gov.
For example, Nagahama city which have merged and introduced
ERP-GIS, some ripple effects have been achieved during the
first year. In particular, these effects were evident following the
Great East Japan Earthquake in the welfare field, where GIS had
not been used extensively. That is, support for people in need of
backup during disaster evacuation. GIS are used to assist the
evacuation of people for whom self-evacuation is problematic,
such as aged people who live alone and aged married couples.
This can be understood visually by using GIS to map residential
status. Overlaying this information onto aerial photographs and
hazard maps makes it possible to analyze how many people
requiring assistance live in dangerous areas. As many related
divisions, such as welfare, crisis management, citizen, and civil
engineering divisions, need to share information at disaster, an
ERP-GIS is effective.
This example shows the recognition of whole area map and the
ERP-GIS rising in only one year in fields where GIS were not
used previously. Also, citizen services were provided at a lower
cost and higher level.
3.4 Roadmap formulation (phase 4)
3.4.1 Outline
In the last phase, the results obtained by the analysis are
reflected over a long time span of approximately 10 ycars. The
three viewpoints: data, system and management, are here to be
important, again. In terms of data, for example, an optimal
update cycle of each feature, and creating priorities for thematic
maps have to be scheduled. Also trainings for system,
assessment for management should be scheduled.
The schedule which reflected all of those elements shows what
expenses will be incurred and when. In many cases, GIS that
have been introduced cannot be kept running and fall into
disuse. Planning a schedule makes it possible to check the
current status several years after introduction.
A good schedule is useless, however, if it is not executed.
Assessment that can monitor the schedule periodically should
support it. Assessment allows the course to be corrected if it
deviates from the schedule planned for realizing the To-Be
state.A schedule table and a log management tool supporting
assessment are described in detail below.
3.4.2 Yearly schedule table
A yearly schedule table, which has data, system and
management elements in vertical axis, initial and upgrading /
maintenance periods in horizontal axis, arranges items
determined by analysis (Table 2). This is the roadmap of
executing ERP-GIS.
-^FY | ~B"FY | ~10"FY | ~12 FY
^|: Guideline Management Guideline by
3» 20 year, and apply
assessment assessment in every 3 years.
z Create aerial / ortho Aerial / ortho photo:
S > 3 years,
Create base greation in every à years,
2 and update digital base
g base maps in every 6 years
5
Create thematic s intent ‘Gradual creation and
update
Basic
Software
Hardware . Development on 1* year,
O&M i and gradual data setup
Setup base maps after creation / update
Data setup
Basic
9
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2
3
3
ASP / Cloud service Developmant on 2^ year
io A
O&M and gradual data setup
Data setup creation /
Table 2. Yearly schedule
3.4.5 Log management tool
The ERP-GIS employs a log management tool that records the
division and access time of each person who accesses the GIS
(Figure 16). Using the log management tool to analyze log
records helps determine which divisions access the GIS
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