International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XXXIX-B4, 2012 
XXII ISPRS Congress, 25 August — 01 September 2012, Melbourne, Australia 
THE METHOD TO OBTAIN POSITION USING GNSS AND RFID 
FOR REALIZATION OF INDOOR AND OUTDOOR SEAMLESS POSITIONING 
*Masaaki Shikada, *Soichiro Shiraishi and "Sayaka Takeuchi 
Dept. of Environment and Civil Engineering, Kanazawa Institute of Technology, 7-1 Ohgigaoka, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, Japan 
®PASCO CORPORATION 1-1-2 Higashiyama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-0043,Japan 
shikada@neptune.kanazawa-it.ac.jp 
Commission IV ‚WG IV/1 
KEY WORDS: Satellite, Accuracy, GIS, Measurement, Spatial Infrastructures 
ABSTRACT: 
To obtain indoor positioning by using GPS (GNSS) satellite is difficult now. Additionally it is difficult to obtain high accuracy 
outdoor position when GPS receiver cannot find four or more GPS satellites in the viewing field of sky. The Japanese Government 
executed a new law NSDI (National Spatial Data Infrastructure) for a spatial information society on May 30, 2007. In this law, 
everybody can know positional information in real time, anytime and anywhere. In addition, it is necessary to use satellite positioning 
for realization of seamless positioning, and to promote ubiquitous network technology. Realization of advanced geospatial 
information society will achieve by creating condition which can obtain positional information anytime and anywhere. However, 
those technologies have not been established yet. Our laboratory conducted seamless positioning experiment to verify whether it can 
obtain position seamlessly by using VRS-GPS (Virtual Reference System-GPS) ,QZSS(LEX signal) and RFID (Radio Frequency 
Identification) for realizing an advanced spatial information society. Especially, QZSS was launched in 2010 by JAXA and is 
satellite system taken by a combination of multi orbit plane and each satellite deployed to appear constantly 1 satellite near the zenith 
in Japan. We are joining the demonstration experiment of a part of Hokuriku area in Japan at 5th to 9th in March and 23th to 27th in 
April 2012. In this paper we described advanced spatial information society will realize by a combination of GPS(GNSS),RFID and 
QZSS. 
1. INTROIDUCTION our laboratory. REAL TIME GIS is the system for real-time 
mapping at the field site using Real-Time Kinematic — GPS 
Japan is now experiencing an aging society and every a person (RTK-GPS) and GIS as shown on the Figure 1. It is possible to 
should be safe and feel relieved. The Japanese Government update Digital Map data in real time by using a cellular phone 
executed a new law for a spatial information society on May 30, and RTK-GPS which has simultaneity. Concept of "Real Time 
2007. In this law, everybody can know positional information GIS” has been studied for about a decade by us. This system 
in real time anytime and anywhere, both of the mappings of a has already been completed but it does not supported to 
national common base map, and environment for utilizing obtain indoor positioning because it was developed to 
satellite systems. In addition, it is necessary to keep satellite obtain ^ outdoor positioning. Latest indoor and outdoor 
positioning for realization of seamless positioning, and to position using GNSS, RFID and another system must 
promote ubiquitous network technology. immediately need to update on GIS. When we will get latest 
Method of obtaining position has been mainly using GNSS by and accurate position anytime and anywhere at real time, 
surveyor and researcher now. Most Japanese surveyor and everyone can live safely. 
researcher have been obtaining the position by using GPS The purpose of our laboratory is to conduct verification 
which created by the USA. We can obtain high accuracy experiment to verify whether RFID can obtain indoor position 
position by using GPS in open sky, however, position in closed as a method of complementing indoor position to promote for 
sky cannot obtain accurate position which was caused by realizing an advanced spatial information society by enactment 
multipath and cycle slip. of NSDI. Furthermore REAL TIME GIS is to add system 
In additionally, it is necessary to obtain detailed indoor position which updated indoor position in real time. 
because many people are also acting in indoor such as Verification experiment is to perform seamless positioning 
underground mall in recent years; however, the technologies by using passive RFID in the area where GPS signals could not 
have not been established yet. To ensure life of safety, relief be received to obtain information of absolute positions. And an 
and comfort for many people, method of obtaining indoor experiment was performed based on the assumption that user 
position should be carly established and innovate in the will obtain the position information in an inside of the building 
field of geoinfomatics. Other researchers have tried to obtain by using active RFID. 
indoor position by using communication device such as 
Bluetooth, ultra wideband radio and Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity), 2. KIND OF RFID 
but it has not developed to a practical level yet. 
We focused RFID to obtain indoor position. RFID has already RFID is available passive and active types. The passive type 
been used in the field of commerce and it is used for electronic performs communicate by receiving radio waves in from an 
money services in country ICT. antenna device and sending back information. It can be 
On the other hand “The map should be fresh” is a concept of miniaturized and thinned casily, and it can be produced at a low 
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