International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XXXIX-B7, 2012 
XXII ISPRS Congress, 25 August — 01 September 2012, Melbourne, Australia 
: Figure 9: Liqui-InSAR for Western Turkey coastal zones 
6. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS 
The results achieved by combining the available SAR image pairs 
of the areas that are acquired successively with maximum temporal 
baseline of 16 seconds looks interesting and considerable for the 
aquatic bodies. Although it is usually assumed that the application 
of SAR Interferometry technique is not worthy for water bodies, 
the results suggests different idea. Instantaneous movement of 
aquatic bodies is synoptically recognizable using this technique 
with sub-centimeter accuracy. It is potentially useful for both the 
oceanographic and Earth observation studies. 
The parallel baseline component plays key role in producing 
interferograms. The direction of sea water movement as well as 
rate of displacement can be estimated using this technique. 
  
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Knowing the direction of the motion of sea water surface and its 
long term trends could be useful for coastal zone management and 
the interaction ofsea water and coastal areas. There could be 
other potential benefits that need to be further investigated and 
studied. By increasing the coverage area of the successive SAR 
images access to the information about the behavior of the sea 
water movement in larger extent would be possible. A suggestion 
could be the use of a system similar to NASA's STS-99 mission 
that used two SAR antennas with 60-m separation to collect data 
for the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), however the 
imaging procedure by two antennas can be carried out with a 
small delay ranging between 8 and 15 seconds. The idea needs to 
be examined and tested for various cases and different locations. 
The wavelength used by radar antenna could also play a key role. 
Making the similar experiments, which has been carried out by C- 
band SAR systems, for SAR systems that work in other bands 
particularly L- and X-bands is expected to show new and 
considerable results. 
Using single-pass InSAR, the data for same area from different 
view angles can be acquired. The temporal and perpendicular 
baselines are then tend to zero and as a result the parallel baseline 
component remains only that would make precise assessments of 
the aquatic body displacement and its direction of motion 
possible. 
SAR satellites are still few in number, which is the main 
limitation in the stream of imagery, and the requirements for 
collection of repeat images that can be used to generate 
interferograms are stringent. As a result, useful image pairs, even 
in large archives of imagery, are not common. The successful 
application of InSAR requires seamless cooperation among 
several agencies. Further development of this promising technique 
depends on expanding and strengthening interagency and 
international coordination in the acquisition of SAR data, 
including the launching of additional L-band or multiband SAR 
satellites. 
References 
Colwell, Robert N., 1983. Manual of Remote Sensing, Vol. I (2™ 
ed.). American Society of Photogrammetry, (Chapter 10), pp. 
429-475. 
Henderson, Floyd M., Lewis, Anthony J., 1998. Principles and 
Applications of Imaging Radar, (3 Ed.). John Wiley & Sons, 
Inc., (Chapter 6), pp. 359-380. 
Kanevsky, Mikhail., 2009. Radar Imaging of the Ocean Waves, 
(1* ed.). Oxford, UK: Elsevier B.V., (Chapter 7). 
Sacek, Vladimir, 2006. Notes on AMATEUR TELESCOPE 
OPTICS, http://www.telescope-optics.net/index.htm (12 
December 201 1). 
Tarikhi, Parviz, 2009. DEMs from InSAR, Position Magazine, 
Issue 43, October & November 2009, pp. 39-42. 
Tarikhi, Parviz, 2010a. InSAR: a new generation, Position 
Magazine, Issue 50, Dec. 2010 & Jan. 2011, pp.42-46. 
Tarikhi, Parviz, 2010b. Using InSAR Technique for Water 
Bodies, http://parviztarikhi.wordpress.com/features-2/using-insar- 
technique-for-water-bodies/ (10 December 2011) 
Thompson, A. Richard, Moran, James M., Swenson, George W., 
2001, Interferometry and Synthesis in Radio Astronomy a 
ed.), Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH 
Acknowledgement 
All of the SLC images for this study were provided by the 
European Space Research Institute (ESRIN) of the European Space 
Agency (ESA) to both of which kind appreciations are extended. 
     
  
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