The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol. 34, Part XXX 
International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XXXIX-B8, 2012 
XXII ISPRS Congress, 25 August — 01 September 2012, Melbourne, Australia 
2.2 Classification systems 
The classification system was developed based on what is 
possible to interpret from an aerial image and the needed of 
indicators describing the changes in the agricultural landscape. 
The classification for area is built up hierarchically with three 
levels for land type classes. 
  
A Agricultural land 
  
Al Fields of annual agricultural 
plants, and cultivated meadows 
A2 Horticultural land 
A3 Pasture 
A4 Pasture and hay meadows 
apparently no longer in use 
  
  
  
  
B Natural bare 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
ground 
B1 Bare rocks, boulders and scree 
B2 Gravel, sand, earth and peat 
T Permantent 
unforested dry-land 
vegetation 
F1 Semi-natural grassland 
F2 Heaths and ridges 
F3 Maritim vegetation 
F4 Cleared forest 
F5 Outfield pasture 
M Natural, 
unforested wetland 
vegetation 
  
M1 Mire and other freshwater 
wetlands 
2 Salt and brackish wetlands 
  
  
S Forest and three- 
covered land 
  
S1 Deciduous forest 
S2 Mixed forest 
S3 Coniferous forest 
  
  
  
U Built-up areas 
  
UI Transport 
U2 Buildings 
U3 Storage areas, dumps and 
rubbish tips 
U4 Urban greenways, sport and 
recreation areas 
U5 Other built-up areas 
  
  
  
  
  
V Water, snow and 
ice 
  
V1 Freshwater 
V2 Snow and ice 
V3 Saltwater and brackish water 
Table 1. Classification system for land type classes for the 
Norwegian land use / land cover monitoring program. 
  
  
  
  
  
  
Interpreted lines are: path, stone wall, fence, line of trees, line 
of bushes, vegetation line, ditch / canal, stream and high tens- 
ion cable. 
Interpreted points are: pile of stones, boulder, solitary tree, post 
in field, pylon, building, ruin and fish racks. 
Some of these are indicators for biodiversity and some are 
indicators for the experience of the landscape. 
For the accessibility we interpret pedestrian zone , path and 
road. The size of the square has proved to be too small to tell 
the accessibility in the agricultural landscape, but the changes 
can be measured and inaccessible areas are visible. 
2.3 Software systems 
For the interpretation Summit software with a Planar mirror 
stereo view system is used. MicroStation is used for mapping. 
The data is converted into sosi-files (the Norwegian standard 
for vector data) and these sosi-files are checked for errors. 
Further quality check, storage and analyses of the data are now 
being carried out with the open source software PostgreSQL 
and PostGIS. 
2.4 Field control 
1096 of the squares are visited in the field and are used to verify 
the interpretation. The program are now in the second inventory 
cycle. The operator's interpretation has improveddue to several 
reasons: the photos are better, the skills of the interpreter have 
improved and the operators easier understand what they see on 
the ground when they can compare two photos with different 
dates. They see and understand the development of the area 
better (Engan, 2012). 
Second First 
recording recording 
Al Annual 
A2 Horticultural land 
A3 Pasture 
A4 Pasture and hay meadows 
no in use 
B1 Bare Scree 
B2 Grave 
F1 Semi-natural 
F2 Heaths and ri 
F3 Seashore 
F4 Cleared forest 
F5 Outfield 
M1 Mire, freshwater wetlands 
S1 Decidous forest 
S2 Mixed forest 
S3 Coniferous forest 
ULT 75 
U2 Buildi 89 
U3S rubbish ti 43 
U4 Urban greenways,  sport-, 
recreation areas 79,7 
U5 Other built-up areas 
V1 Freshwater 91 
V3 Salt- and brackish water 99 99 
Table 2: Results from field control for first and second 
inventory cycle. 
  
    
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