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Cartographic Sciences - knowledge of principles of, and
capability in, ground survey methods and cartographic
draughtsmanship and design for production of topographic and
thematic maps. Knowledge of cartographic production
techniques. Elementary geodesy, principles of field
astronomy. Map projections and coordinate systems.
The above subjects are at least desirable if not essential for
Level c, and are essential for Levels a and b in both remote sensing and
photogrammetry.
A working knowledge of and appreciation of photographic processing
is essential for Levels a and b and desirable for Level c.
Practical capability and experience in all the above areas should be
demonstrated, at least for Levels a and b.
Essential and desirable geographical subjects
Environmental understanding is the core of much geographical
teaching, and is necessary for the geographer working in photogrammetry
or remote sensing. It may be in various forms, examples of which are
given below. Since courses may vary widely from institution to
institution it is unwise to be totally specific, but most of the following
should be included in the knowledge and capabilities of any geographer
working in the fields of photogrammetry and remote sensing.
The contribution of the geographer should be a broad capability for
the interpretation of the images and data, and an understanding of the
Systems and processes involved, as well as his own capabilities in the
technicalities of the subjects of photogrammetry and remote sensing. This
is perhaps even more true for remote sensing data generally, the use of
which may involve more and wider interpretation than for the more limitec
requirements of precise measurement and mapping of photogrammetry. Hence
many of the following geographical subjects are described as essential for
remote sensing and desirable for photogrammetry.
Energy, radiation and water balances and surface-air energy exchanges
(land and sea) as a basis of climatology and microclimatology. Essential
for remote sensing at Levels a, b and c, desirable for photogrammetry.
Atmospheric structure. Effects of the atmosphere on the passage of
electromagnetic radiation. Principles of meteorology, climatology and
microclimatology. Essential for all levels for photogrammetry and remote
sensing.
Principles of physical oceanography. Properties of fresh and sea
water, Water masses, ocean circulation, and ocean waves, Basics of
biological and chemical oceanography. Properties of sea and land ice.
Essential for remote sensing only, at Levels a and b, desirable for
Level c.
Principles of physical and historical geology. Geomorphology and
geomorphological processes in all environments. Principles of hydrology
and of pedology. Practical field and laboratory techniques for all these
subjects. Essential for remote sensing, desirable for photogrammetry.
Hardy 5