REFERENCES 
Ariav, G., 1986, A Temporally Oriented Data Model, ACM 
Trans. Database Syst. Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 499-527. 
Armstrong, M. P., 1988, Temporality in Spatial Databases, 
Proceedings of GIS/LIS’88, ACSM, pp. 880-889. 
Basoglu, U., and Morrison, J., 1978, The efficient hierarch- 
ical data structure for the U. S. Historical Boundary 
File, Harvard Papers for GIS, Vol. 4, edited by G. 
Dutton, Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley. 
Gadia, S. K., 1988, A Homogeneous Relational Model and 
Query Languages for Temporal Databases, ACM 
Trans. Database Syst., Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 418-448. 
Henrichsen, B., 1986, Directions of Major Archives, IAS- 
SIST Quarterly, Vol. 3, pp. 3-6. 
Hunter, G. J. and Williamson, I. P., 1990, The Develop- 
ment of a Historical Digital Cadastral Database, Inter- 
national Journal of Geographical Information Sys- 
tems, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 169-179. 
Klopprogge, M. R., 1981, TERM: an approach to include 
the time dimension in the entity-relationship model. in 
Entity-Relationship Approach to Information Modeling 
and Analysis, edited by P. P. S. Chen (Sangns, Cali- 
fornia: ER Institute), pp. 477-512. 
Langran, G., and Chrisman, N., 1988, A Framework for 
Temporal Geographic Information, Cartographica, 
Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 1-14. 
Langran, G., 1989a, A review of temporal database 
research and its use in GIS Applications, International 
Journal of Geographical Information Systems, Vol. 3, 
NO. 3, pp. 215-232. 
Langran, G., 1989b, Accessing Spatiotemporal Data in a 
Temporal GIS, Auto-Carto 9: Ninth International 
Symposium on Computer-Assisted Cartography, (Bal- 
timore, Maryland), pp. 191-198. 
Lum, V., Dadum, P., Erbe, R., Guenaeur, J., Pistor, P., 
Walch, G., Werner, H., and Woodfil, J., 1984, 
Designing DBMS support for the temporal dimension. 
Proceedings of the SIGMOD '84 Conference, held in 
June 1984 (New York: ACM), pp. 115-126. 
Mckenzie, E., and Snodgrass, R., 1987, Extending the rela- 
tional algebra to support transaction time. Proceedings 
of the ACM SIGMOD’87 Conference, held in San 
Francisco in May 1987 (New York: ACM), pp. 467- 
478. 
Sarda, N. L., 1990a, Extensions to SQL for Historical 
Databases, IEEE Trans. Knowledge and Data 
Engineering, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 220-230. 
161 
Sarda, N. L., 1990b, Algebra and Query Language for A 
Historical Data Model, The Computer Journal, Vol. 
33, No. 1, pp. 11-18. 
Snodgrass, R., and Ahn, L, 1985, A taxonomy of time in 
databases. Proceedings of the SIGMOD '85 Confer- 
ence, held in Austin, Texas, in May 1985 (New York: 
ACM), pp. 236-245. 
Snodgrass, R., and Ahn, I, 1986, Temporal databases, 
IEEE Computer Mag., Sept. 1986, pp. 35-42. 
Snodgrass, R., 
Research Directions, SIGMOD RECORD, Vol. 
No. 4, pp. 83-89. 
1990, Temporal Databases Status and 
19, 
Soo, M., 1991, Bibliography on Temporal Databases, SIG- 
MOD RECORD, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 14-23. 
Stam, R. and Snodgrass, R., 1988, A Bibliography on 
Temporal Databases, IEEE Database Engineering, 
Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 231-239. 
Worboys, M. F., 1990a, The Role of Modal Logics in the 
Description of Knowledge in a Geographical Informa- 
tion System, Proceedings of Cognitive and Linguistic 
Aspects of Geographic Space, (NATO ASI, Spain). 
Worboys, M. F., 1990b, Reasoning about GIS Using Tem- 
poral and Dynamic Logics, Proceedings of The Tem- 
poral GIS Workshop, University of Maine, Orono, 
Maine, October 12-13, 1990. 
Yang, Z. S., 1991, Historical Spatial Data Model for Geo- 
graphic Information Systems, Master’s Thesis, Univer- 
sity of Regina, Regina, Sask., Canada. 
Yang, Z. S., Raafat, H. and Gauthier, D., 1991, A Tem- 
poral Oriented Spatial Data Model for GIS, Proceed- 
ings of the Canadian Conference on GIS-91, Ottawa, 
Canada, March 18-22 pp. 571-583.