ined
or is
tion
Ly of
es
arror
at to
nflu-
rices
rob-
xact
ana-
ance
ssifi-
July
stin-
and
have
Was
lp of
s for
clas-
re is
n vi-
map
d for
used
10WN
mple
We see the great potential of object classifiers. The use
of unsupervised classification can help to select training
fields more accurately. It is planned to do in further ex-
periments. The use of analytical methods for evaluation
of the performance of classifier can help significantly to
reduce computer time. This is also planned for further
experiments.
TABLE 1. The results of forest classification
of nine classifiers
Classifier | PR(%) | PK(%)
PIX 76.22 75.99
OMARK1 89.47 87.44
OIND1 88.29 85.40
OMEANIND1 80.81 80.14
OMEAN1 67.91 67.91
OMARK3 90.66 86.25
OIND3 90.49 88.29
OMEANIND3 82.68 82.34
OMEAN3 68.93 68.93
9. CONCLUSION
In this work object classifiers incorporating spatial char-
acteristics of an image during classification and based on
Markov random field model are introduced.
Two analytical methods for the evaluation of performance
of object classifier based on calculating the probability of
error are presented.
First experimental results on forest classification, based on
LANDSAT TM data, show the great potential of object
classifiers comparing with per-pixel classifier. On the other
hand we have to note the complexity of the problem and
the need for further investigation.
6. REFERENCES
+ References from JOURNALS:
Alfiorov, G.A., 1989. Contextual methods for the analysis
of aerocosmic images. In: Advances in Science and Tech-
nics, Series: Technical Cybernetics, Moscow, vol. 26, pp.
105-136 ( in Russian ).
Kalayeh, H.M. and Landgrebe, D.A., 1987. Stochastic
model utilizing spectral and spatial characteristics. IEEE
Trans. on Pattern Analysis »nd Machine Intelligence, 9:457-
461.
Ketting, R.L. and Landgrebe, D.A., 1976. Classification of
multispectral image data by extraction and classification
of homogeneous objects. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Electron-
ics, 14:19-26.
Landgrebe, D.A., 1980. The development of spectral-
spatial classifier for earth observational data. Pattern
Recognition, 12(3):165-175.
Landgrebe, D.A., 1981. Analysis technology for land re-
mote sensing. Proc. IEEE, 69(5):628-643.
Mardia, K.V., 1984. Spatial discrimination and classifi-
cation maps. Communications in Statistics. Theory and
Methods, 13:2187-2197.
487
Palubinskas, G. 1988a. A comparative study of decision
making algorithms in images modeled by Gaussian Markov
random fields. International Journal of Pattern Recogni-
tion and Artificial Intelligence, 2(4):621-639.
Palubinskas, G. 1988b. Probability of misclassification
of the Bayes decision rule for normal random vectors in
the case of model and data inadequacy. In: S.Raudys,
Ed., Statistical Problems of Control, Issue 82, Institute of
Mathematics and Cybernetics Press, Vilnius, pp. 32-42 (
in Russian ).
Palubinskas, G., 1990a. A review of spatial image recog-
nition methods. In: Statistical Problems of Control, Issue
93, Vilnius, pp. 194-214 ( in Russian ).
Palubinskas, G., 1990b. Object classifiers in remote sens-
ing. In: Statistical Problems of Control, Issue 93, Vilnius,
pp. 215-231 ( in Russian ).
Palubinskas, G., 1992. On approximation of the error of
the Bayes decision rule. To appear.
Swain, P.H., 1985. Advanced interpretation techniques for
Earth data information systems. Proc. IEEE, 73(6):1031-
1039.
Switzer, P., 1980. Extensions of linear discriminant analy-
sis for statistical classification of remotely sensed satellite
imagery. Mathematical Geology, 12:367-376.
+ References from BOOKS:
Jensen J.R., 1986. Introductory Digital Image Processing:
A Remote Sensing Perspective. Prentice-Hall, Englewood
Cliffs, pp. 177-233.
Fukunaga K., 1972. Introduction to Statistical Pattern
Recognition. Academic Press, New York, pp. 50-67.
Richards J.A., 1986. Remote Sensing Digital Image Anal-
ysis: An Introductory. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 173-
250.
+ References from GREY LITERATURE:
Guyon X., and Yao J.F., 1987. Analyse discriminante con-
textuelle. In: Proc 5th International Symposium on Data
Analysis and Informatics, Paris-France, Vol.1, pp. 43-52.
Palubinskas, G., 1989. Object classifiers for textured im-
ages. In: Mathematical Research, Vol.55 ( Proc. of the
3rd International Conference CAIP’89 on Automatic Im-
age Processing ” Computer Analysis of Images and Pat-
terns ", Leipzig ( GDR ), September 8-10, 1989 ), eds.
K. Voss, D.Chetverikov and G.Sommer, Akademie Verlag
Berlin, pp.141-147.
Palubinskas G., Cibas T., Repsys A., 1991. IMAX - im-
age analysis and classification system. Technical Report,
Vilnius, 9 pages.
Pyka K., 1990. Data preprocessing influence on classifica-
tion results ( in relation to forest classification ). In: Proc.
Symposium of ISPRS Com. III in Wuhan, pp. 743-755.
Schulz B.S., 1988. Hypothesis-free land use classifica-
tion from LANDSAT-5 TM image data. In: International
Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Kyoto,
Vol. 27, pp. 736-742.