id 
ie 
ip 
AS 
3 
7 
it 
it 
Xf 
El: elevation (m) 
Vc: vegetation coverage (%) 
Sd: Soil depth (cm) 
5.4 Tree type and multi-index type 
The Code has two types: tree-type and multi- 
index type. tree-type, e.g.in land use: 
1. cultivated land 
11. irrigated field 
12. dry land 
121. slope angle «3 dgree 
122. slope angle »3 && «45 dgree 
2. garden 
3. woodland 
4. grass and 
All classifying proccess can be made into a 
tree-type form. Multi-index type,e.g.in soil 
erosion [Ma Ainai, 1989]: 
  
  
Digit Code ist 2st 3st 4st 
Erosion Ant i- Erosion (Soil 
Intensity |erosion |Type Text- 
years ure 
T/km. yr yr Dynamic | 2cm% 
  
  
  
  
  
  
1 <500 >1000 Water |>70 
2 500-2500 100-1000 |Wind 30-70 
3 2500-5000 |10-100 Frost |<30 
4 5000-8000 |1-10 
5 8000- 15000 | «1 
6 > 15000 
  
  
  
  
  
  
Erosion Intensity: 1-lowest, 2-lower,3-10w,4- 
high,5-high,and 6-highest Anti-erosion year:1 
-safe, 2-dangerous, 3=more dangerous,  4-more 
dangerous, 5=damage 
Soil texture: 1-stony,2-stony-soil and 3-soil 
Base level of erosion: i-plain,2-plateau and 3 
zvery high plateau 
Elevation:1=basin plain,vally, low lying land, 
2=hilly land, platform,3=low moutain,4=middle 
moutain,5=high mountain,6=very high mountain 
Vegetation coverage: 1=highest, 2=higher, 3= 
high,4=1ow,5=lower,6=lowest In the above, some 
factors are quatitative, the others are 
qualitative,both are graded somehow. 
The Geo-Coded Model sometimes is a tree type, 
sometimes is a multi-index, sometimes also is 
the mixed tree and multi-index type: 
565 
6. THE APPLICATION OF GCM TO THE USE OF 
GIS AND GES 
With the method of GCM, GIS have produced Map 
of Soil Erosion of China, and GCM is being 
applied the Yangpu developing region in 
Hainan Province, the watershed of river Kou, 
flood forcasting of Songliao Plain, and 
monitoring of drought of Huanghuaihai Plain 
with the aid of GIS and GES. 
References 
1. Ma Ainai,Sesosphere and Sesotic Resources, 
1987, Journal of Arid Land Resources and 
Environment, vol. 1,No.3-4, in Chinese. 
2. Ma Ainai, A Geo-Coded Model for the Use of 
GIS, 1988, The 16th International Congress of 
Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Kyoto, 
Japan. 
3. Ma Ainai, Visual Interpretation of Remote 
Sensing Images and Computer Automatic Mapping 
on Soil Erosion in Xingjiang Uygur 
Autonomous, 1989, Proceedings of the 4th 
International Sympos ium on River 
Sedimentation, Vol.1, Beijing, China.