|
|
|
|
H
|
|
|
minimized if the system is shared by multi-users. Typical
examples of multi-user GIS projects include the Planning
Commission, City Planning Office, Geological Survey,
Public Works Department, Natural Resources Department,
Forest Services, Irrigation Department, Education
Department, Police Department, Water Supply/Sewerage
Department, Survey/Cadastral Department, Property Tax
Commissioner's Office, Highway Department, Population
Commission/Statistical Department, and utility companies.
A well designed optimal GIS project can serve many
purposes for different users with nominal modification to the
basic structure. For detailed study of optimization of GIS
technique refer [Acharya, Talbert, 1992].
CONCLUDING REMARKS
In recent years, GIS technology has matured and offers
powerful capabilities for all organizations which are
dependent on maps and geographic data. A scientific and
optimal GIS must meet many criterion besides economics to
become an optimal and scientific GIS. These criteria
include: principles of surveying and mapping science,
availability of adequate geodetic controls, map accuracy
standards, standards of format interchange, ease and
economy to operate, and easy access for multiple users. The
world is going through an information revolution sparked by
developments in computer technology. The computer
provides facilities to store, retrieve, compare, share,
rearrange, transmit, repeatedly reuse information in real time
that otherwise is impossible. Three factors, technology
transfer, quality control, and optimal planning, will dictate
the optimal yield of any GIS project. An exhaustive
procedure of designing an optimal and scientific GIS has
been discussed and recommended.
632
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors wish to thank Mr. Tim Anderson for proof
reading this manuscript.
REFERENCES
Acharya, Bishwa, and Bell, William. 1992. "Universal
Accuracy Standards for GIS" (accepted paper)
ASPRS/ACSM /RT '92 Global Change Convention,
Washington D.C., August 2-14.
Acharya, Bishwa, and Talbert, Zel. 1992. "Choosing an
Optimal Surveying Technique" ACSM/ASPRS Annual
Convention, Albuquerque NM, March 1-5.
Acharya, Bishwa. 1990. "Optimizing Surveying and
Mapping Systems" Ph. D. dissertation, Purdue University,
West Lafayette, IN 47906
FGCC. 1986 and 1988. "Proposed Geometric Geodetic
Survey Standards and Specifications for Geodetic Surveys
Using GPS Relative Positioning Techniques" Versions Four
and Five, National Geodetic Survey.
Lee, Y. C. & Zhang, G. Y. 1989. "Developments of
Geographic Information System Technology" ASCE, Jour.
of Surveying Engineering, Vol. 115, No. 3.
ged 40980. who — Ar Pui die UEM. Fra ca MG amb SR Sh om hes
fe, ss pt AS IM eed