sition 
disp- 
> pie- 
it 
)btai- 
] from 
yatic- 
ealc- 
"pose 
The 
rela- 
ation 
info- 
)elow. 
les of 
ridig- 
joints 
slati- 
ive 
dir 
sitio- 
s obt- 
prep- 
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lis re 
posi- 
tures 
  
N/ 
Communications fintenna 
  
    
   
  
GIS Still Camera 
  
    
Data Base 
Image Scanner 
Photo Display 
   
Position Display 
== —— 
EWS (SUN4) 
  
  
  
      
  
  
  
  
  
  
   
  
  
  
  
  
    
  
  
  
  
@Meeting 
@Safety Indication 
@Presentation 
@Shape Measurement 
  
  
  
[ Monitoring System] 
  
[ Site Patrol System] 
[Shape Measurement bu Close-Range Remote Sensing] 
Satellites of GPS 
    
Communications fintenna 
  
   
Communications 
fintenna 
  
  
  
  
  
  
Ground Base 
Patrol Car 
@Safety Control 
@Quality Control 
@Shape Control 
  
  
Fig. 2 Outline of Site Patorol System 
due to relative height differences and so allowing 
the search range in the matching processing to be 
limited to a single dimension(Photo.2 Rectification 
process). 
(4) Matching The rectified stereo pictures are 
subjected to matching processing in which the corre- 
sponding points in the two pictures are sought for 
the whole of the area in question. The area correlat- 
ion method is used for this purpose. Bearing in mind 
the large relative angles that result between the 
two pictures when stereo pictures are taken on grou- 
nd, the correlation windows used in the area correl- 
ation method, a widely-used automatic matching method 
, were deformed in accordance with the inclination 
angles of the two pictures (Photo.3 stereo matching 
process). 
(5) Calculation of Three-Dimensional Information 
The elevations of the matching points are calculated 
from the results of absolute orientation and match- 
ing processing and the elevation data irregularly 1- 
aid out on the ground surface are rearranged into a 
regular pattern for the preparation of the digital 
topographical models (DTM). 
In this method, all the steps in the analytical pr- 
ocessing after the taking of the pictures to the ca- 
lculation of the three-dimensional information are 
carried out automatically, except for the selection 
of the pass points. 
37 
3. SYSTEM COMPOSITION 
3.1 GPS Sensors 
Sensors produced by Trimble Navigation (U.S.) were 
used for the GPS sensors. 
(1) Detection of Patrol Vehicle Position TANS 
produced by Trimble Navigation , were used as the 
sensors for the positioning of the vehicles. These 
are two-channel sequential reception sensors, recei- 
ving L1 band, C/A code data from the GPS satellites. 
The measurement accuracy is 25m(SEP) in the horizon- 
tal direction and 35m(SEP)in the vertical direction 
They have softwares capable of automatically recor- 
ding on floppy disks the position(latitude, longitude 
and elevation) of the vehicles at the time and the 
patrol items , together with the picture numbers on 
the electronic still camera , upon selection of the 
patrol items and input of the picture numbers. 
As shown in Photo.4, the hardware consists of the 
sensor, aerial and note-book personal computer, with 
the sensor and the personal computer made into a un 
-jt. Table. 1 shows the principal specifications of 
TANS. 
(2) Control Point Survey for Absolute Orientation 
The absolute orientation (survey of ground control 
points)in the close-range remote sensing was carried 
out by the continuous kinematic method using 4000ST 
(shown in Photo. 5), produced by Trimble Navigation. 
This sensor has an accuracy of 2 cm + 2 ppm and me- 
asurement time of 5 seconds.