IF using anaiytical plotter for drawing the data will 
be automatical collected. If using Analog plotter 
recording equipment is needed. For field work the 
equipments can be use as follow: 
a theodolite and tape 
b theodolite plus distance meter 
C total station (integrate or Seperate) must be with 
electric field book. 
For a and b,data recording can be manual or using 
portable calculater or handel computer. 
i communication between portable calculater and 
computer 
For example portable calculater is PC 1500 and 
computer is IBM-PC/XT.If collection data 101560 in 
the field. Now we have to transfer data from PC1500 
to IBM PC/XT. There are a standard interface RS 
232.The connection scatch is as figure 2. 
  
14 PC1500 with 
serial 
IBM interface 
CE158 
25 
gs 
25 pin male 25 pin female 
RS282 C 
figure 2 
In figure 2 PC1500 must be connect Serial interface 
CE158. computer will connect to CE158 by RS 232c,they 
are 25 pins. 
where: 
pin 2 TD - transfer data 
pin 3 RD - receive data 
pin4 S - signal 
pin 5 CTS- control transfer signal 
on. transfer signal 
Off. stop transfer 
pin 6 DSR-data Signal ready 
pin 7 SG -signal ground 
pin 8 CD 
pin 20 DTR-data terminal ready 
on. ready 
Off. no ready 
For sorftware in IRM computer need put trasfer 
program 10 OPEN "COM1:1200,N,8,1"AS#1 
20 INPUT "FILE NAME: ";F1$ 
When switch on IBM PC and PC1500, before transfering, 
SETCOM,1200,8,N,* in PC1500 and then run transfer 
program. 
ii communication between data terminal and computer 
a hardware interface " 
If total station is TC1000 and data terminal is GRE4. 
The hardware interface between computer and GRE4 is 
RS 232 (GIF 2).Connect scatch as figure 3. 
  
  
  
  
  
  
58 
b software interface 
Using TRANSE program we can transfer program from 
computer to GRE, data from GRE to computer ‚also data 
from computer to GRE (from file). 
Transfering program from computer to GRE, 
parameters on GRE. 
Set MODE 70 RUN 2400 RUN RUN 
Set MODE 71 RUN 2 RUN RUN 
Set MODE 72 RUN 1 RUN RUN 
Set MODE 73 RUN O RUN RUN 
: Set MODE 74 RUN 2 RUN RUN 
When data from GRE to computer, data can be on 
Screen, on printer, or on diskette.When data from 
computer to GRE (from file), you must set parameters 
on GRE. It's same with trasfering program. 
C problem 
When you want to put data in disc file from data 
terminal. At first you must to know what kind of data 
format, and then open the file, read the file.After 
reading the file it must direct go to the survey 
program. If you don't know data format in survey 
Program, you can't make software interface.For any 
program when it was finished, ones can't take care 
everything. for example, in SURVEYPLOT program there 
is a field-book (interface), it is for KERN R48 not 
for GRE. It can not for all intruments. New 
instruments are coming soon. It is deveioping. So it 
is always not completed. We have to develop it. 
Sometime it's a small thing but important.Now we have 
finished a sorftware interface from GRE4 to computer, 
connect to our program traverse program or traverse 
net program. 
3 DEVELOPING PROGRAM IN DATA TERMINAL 
i differences in survey in different areas 
For field survey procedure. There are some 
differences between differnt countries. For example 
in traverse survey in BOTSWANA. Survey direction in 
each station and in some countries survey the angers 
between two directions. For the first you can measure 
any known points in every station. For the secondly 
it can't, you can't use these known condition for 
ajustment, because of limited program. There are many 
specifications of survey in some countries,the others 
not. such as survey in BOTSWANA 
‚quite few limited conditions in Survey. It's very 
facility for surveyor.But when you find out probiems 
at last, you must repeat Survey from beginning. If 
using checking conditions for observations in the 
procedures with data terminal. We must make some 
must set 
programs for data  terminal.Such as traverse 
,ieverling ... different specifications for different 
survey. 
For traverse, must check: 
a limited differents of 2C in each direction 
b two times readings 
C direction differents in a few rounds 
d two times observations of distance 
e torerences of 2C (horizontal collimation error) and 
i(vertical index error) 
When we use observation programs, if torerences is 
overceeded,the program will show you the valus and 
instruction ask you repeate or continue or stop. The 
procedure calculation is automatic finished. surveyor 
only follow program what he must do. 
Observation programs are very important for 
Surveying. If each procedure is OK! we never repeat 
Survey. Otherwise sometimes we have to repeate, 
because the accurate is not good at last. 
Now it is going to computer world. When you get a 
hardware you should do something for completed 
System. Everything is deveioping. 
ii cadastral survey in BOTSWANA 
BOTSWANA is adeve_ oping Country. There is 3 
DEPARTMENT OF SURVEY AND LANDS and- 12 land 
boards.Before last year there are not any surveyor in 
the land boards. Cadastrai Survey only for DEPARTMENT 
OF SURVEY AND LANDS and some private survey 
companies. There are technicians in the land board.