LITE 
netric 
dolite 
The 
ional 
), the 
mt)at 
S. 
base 
and 
tance 
can 
from 
ind D 
y the 
error 
n the 
ferent 
plying 
"^ can 
the 
cy of 
Jolite, 
n the 
jieved 
n that 
)etter 
ional 
on a 
early 
from 
ndent 
B for 
421 Comments and analysis of results 
From the results obtained, we can see that : 
1 when (B) is a constant and (D) variable or 
when (B) is variable and (D) constant the best 
positional accuracy achieved was obtained from 
a theodolite ,secondly from a camera and lastly 
from a phototheodolite . 
2 at certain ratios for (D/W) and (B/W),the 
accuracy achieved from a camera mounted on a 
theodolite(phototheodolite) is nearly equal to 
the accuracy achieved from both the camera and 
theodolite separately . 
5. OBSERVATION SCONCLUDING 
REMARKS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 
1 With the developed formulae relating the 
object space co-ordinate standard errors to the 
system parameters (B,D,O,W and H) , it has been 
illustrated that the standard errors obtained 
from a given close range photogrammetric 
system can be sufficiently estimated . lt is , 
therefore , possible to arrive at a decision as to 
whether , using a given system , a certain 
required accuracy is achievable or not . But 
more importantly , the formulae provide a 
convenient tool with which we can choose the 
parameters and ,in turn , the components , of a 
system which will yield the required accuracy 
for a proposed project . 
2 This study confirms that the highest accuracy 
of object points for close range photogrammetry 
could be obtained by using a theodolite. 
3 Above certain ratios for (D/W) and (B/W) in 
the normal and convergent cases of photography 
the accuracy achieved from using a 
phototheodolite will be nearly equal to the 
accuracy achieved if we used the camera and the 
theodolite separately. In this study since the 
smallest difference in the accuracy achieved 
between the phototheodlite and the camera 
theodolite combination was 0.6 um in the 
normal case of photography and was 0.10 um in 
the convergent case of photography (O = 30°) , in 
simple tasks when high accuracy is not required 
and the time is significant , the use of the 
phototheodolite is more satisfactory. 
4 A more further study between the theodolite , 
the camera and the phototheodolite will be 
needed with different types of theodolites , 
cameras and phototheodolites and for different 
configurations. 
  
   
  
  
    
     
    
    
     
   
  
  
  
  
   
    
  
   
  
   
  
  
   
   
   
  
    
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   
  
    
  
  
   
   
   
   
  
  
  
  
   
    
References 
Abdel - Aziz , Y.l, 1982. The accuracy of control 
points for close range Photogrammetry. 
International Archieves of photogrammetry , 
248): 1-11. 
Mahmoud, A.A.E , 1989 . The application of close 
range photogrammetry to the restoration of 
architectural features. Ph. D. dissertation 
,Department of Civil Engineering ,Zagazig 
University , Egypt , 129 pages. 
JABLE 1 
The base distance B , the corresponding object distance D 
that satisfies OXmt= ODmt and the values of 6Dmt at 
different values of convergence angle @ . 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Convergenc 
Base Distance | Object Distance 
Angle (2) B D Som? 
(m) (m) (mim) 
1 2 3 4 
0.1W 0.295W 0.0200 
0.2W 0.288W 0.0100 
0.3W 0.110W 0.0046 
0.4W 0.121W 0.0039 
0.5W 0.223W 0.0042 
0.6W 0.286W 0.0045 
eo 0.7W 0.328W 0.0047 
LS 0.8W 0.363W 0.0048 
0.9W 0.335W 0.0044 
1.0W 0.290W 0.0039 
14W 0.247W 0.0037 
1.2W 0.174W 0.0035 
1.3W 0.122W 0.0034 
1.4W 0.156W 0.0036 
1.5W 0.178W 0.0038 
0.1W 0.289W 0.0200 
0.2W 0.281W 0.0102 
0.3W 0.271W 0.0070 
© 0.4W 0.256W 0.0054 
Ce 0.5W 0.201W 0.0041 
T 0.6W 0.266W 0.0045 
0.7W 0.306W 0.0047 
0.8W 0.251W 0.0040 
0.9W 0.225W 0.0037 
1.0W 0.196W 0.0036