€———HÓÉÓáX 
LET 
PERS IT Ades 
— 
security are adopted in this test. The focuses of fish- 
eve lens as 16mm are substitute for original lens. 
Since 0ct.1989, aiming at the markers made by metal in 
the three dimensional indoor appraisal field are 
successively carried on photography of the photographic 
cases in normal and convergent.Its photographic 
distances Y used are about 2.2m, more then 60 marking 
points are laid out at corners of outdoor building.The 
three dimencional coordinates of marking points are 
determined by operating the methods of forward 
intersection and multi-angular height measurement using 
theodolite  J6.The photo pairs of equally tilted and 
parallel-averted are taken using fish-eye lens. Its 
photographic distances Y used ave about 7.5m and the 
photographic-baseline B=120cm. The accuracy comparison 
has heen performed using the computed results of the 
formula mentioned above. For the sake of obtaining 
practical possibility and more experimental data, the 
normal photography is carried on for the car of 
analogizing traffic accident and bicycles collided on 
the spot. Theirs photographic-baseline are 
respectively: B=120cm and B=40cm, photographic distance 
Y=6.5m and Y=3.0m, meanwhile, the distances concerned 
are measured by steel rule on the spot and has been 
compared with the distances obtained by photogrammetric 
method.Image coordinates are measured by stereo 
comparator HCZ-1 made in China. More than 160 image 
points are collected in all in this test. According to 
the mathematical forlulas mentioned above, the Basic 
language has been programmed and has been run at IBM- 
PC/XT. All steps of running operation use Chinese 
promptings for using it conveniently. Photographic 
paramelers and angular elements of exterior orientation 
‘ave listed in Tab.1. 
  
  
Tab.1 
: :0-distance | photo-base 
photo pair No. name ?, 0 ky 9; Wy Ka Bhote dis ance |p fem). 
1 indoor appraisal field| o 0 0 0 0 0 2.2 120 
2 indoor appraisal field] 30.30° 0 0 0 0 0 2.2 120 
3 outdoor marking 20.30° 0 20.30° 0 0 7.5 120 
4 outdoor marking 9 |r19.30] 0 0 f+10.30% "9 7.5 120 
5 car and bicycle 0 0 0 0 0 8.5 120 
6 car and bicycle 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.0 40 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
The accuracy estimation was taken the pointing 
coordinates measured by theodolite as true value and 
was compared with the results solved by corresponding 
formula above mentioned using fish-eye photographic 
method and the comparative difference is obtained. The 
mean square error was calculated b ast [44] .. 
see Tab 2 n 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Tab.2 
; uantity of "x my mz Remarks 
pair. Ng. | Val m) (mm) 
checking point ana) 
1 39 1. 1.8 0.7 
2 42 1.3 1.9 1.4 
3 45 3.1 5.4 3.1 
4 45 3.5 5.2 3,2 
5 12 sides ms=9.7mm ms is the mean square error of 
6 15 Sides —ms-14.3mm length of line segments 
  
  
The relative error of relative to photographic 
distance is my/Y=1/1400.Through the theoretical 
deriving ^ and proving and experiments, the 
conclusion can be reached as follows: The differential 
formulas derived in this paper applying to all 
photographic cases using fish-eye lens are exact and 
precise. From Eqs.(5), the accuracy of undetermined 
points coordinates and elemental errors of exterior 
orientation can be estimated. Proceeding with all sorts 
of engineering photogrammetry using fish-eye lens is 
efficient. It has not any restriction for condition and 
field and can take huge object at near distance under 
assuring accuracy. 
References 
[1] Wang Zhizhuo,1990.Principles of Photogrammetry with 
Remote Sensing. Publishing House of Surveying and 
Mapping Beijing, China, PP. 372-387. 
[2] Li Guangwen Li weiqian,1988 The Application of the 
Panoramic Photograph by Fish Eye Lens in Close Ranse 
Photogrammetry. In: Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remole 
sensing. ,Kyoto-Japan, Vol.27, Part B5 PP.346-355. 
(3J B. H. Hedezon: Yser poatodoxkycuocru Kaxep npm Hasewrmon 
crepeopororpavMeTpirteckoft Cb2*IKe, l'eozeans 
M Kaprorpapus, 1974, No. 5, c31—37