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determined. For a good correlation the ilumination 
is very important for getting a sufficiant contrast. 
A second example is the survey of tools with an 
accuracy of few microns. Such an accuracy cannot 
be achieved in imaging the whole object. By this 
reason only a small area has been used at the 
time and the orientation of the combination of 2 
convergent CCD-cameras was determined in 
relation to a reseau used as control point pattern 
(Jacobsen et al 1990, Husen et al 1992). 
For every on-line solution specialized software 
is required. As first test and as independent 
check manual measurements by “traditional” 
photogrammetry can be used, but very often it is 
not economic to write specialized programs and 
a usual model handling is sufficiant. Digital stereo 
plotters are only available in a limited number 
and mainly not operational. With displayed digital 
images or with photos taken with the above 
mentioned systems analytical plotters can be 
used. À lot of different applications have been 
handled in the University of Hannover. The wide 
range of applications is typical in this area. Only 
some examples are shown. 
5.1 Abrasive wheels 
Abrasive wheels cannot be surveyed by mechanical 
profiling. The fine structure is very detailed so it 
wasnotaproblemto get images with good contrast. 
Based on photos taken with the Rolleimetric 
6006 in convergent arrangement (the camera was 
fixed and the object has been rotated) profiles 
and digital height models (DHM) were measured. 
As a surprise the DHM (fig. 5) is indicating very 
clearly the direction of manufacturing. 
  
  
  
  
  
  
0 1000 2000 
  
  
abrasive wheel [microns] 
original profile, low pass and hight pass filtering 
length of profile: 2mm 2000 points 
accuracy +/- 5 microns 
Fig. 6: profile of an abrasive wheel 
  
     
percentage of 
filled volume f(z) 
free volume / area 
f(z) 
       
     
TRAGANTE ILKURVE 
  
10 
5 4 value distribution f(z) 
  
  
20 4 6 8 
FUELLKURVE SPITZENVERTEILUNG 
  
  
  
  
Fig. 7: profile analysis of an abrasive wheel 
5.2 Metalic surface 
The information about the roughness of metalic 
surfaces is important for the deformation of 
sheet iron in car manufacturing. The roughness 
is changing from sheet to sheet also if it is 
coming from the same charge. As first test for a 
later on-line solution, investigations were made 
withRolleimetric6006-images. Over approximately 
8mm x 8mm an accuracy of £5um has been reached. 
  
  
  
Fig. 5: smoothed digital height model of an 
abrasive wheel size: 2mm x 2mm, height 
differences 80um 
The obtained standard deviation of +5um for the 
individual points was sufficiant. Typical for an 
application like this is the requirement for 
additional figures about the surface like figures 
about the roughness. 
    
  
     
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Fig. 8.: height model of a metalic surface 
0.8mm x O.8mm 
maximal difference in height 60 microns