relational database is referred to the Land Records Management 
System (LRMS). 
The LIS Applications Module. The purposes of this module are 
data conflation, exception processing, cartographic presentation, 
and spatial analysis. Data conflation is the cross indexing of the 
graphic information contained in the cartographic database with 
the data items contained in the LRMS database. Exception pro- 
cessing is the processing of data which failed to conflate during 
normal processing due to inconstancies in the disparate data 
sources. Spatial analysis and cartographic presentation is the 
interactive query and ad hoc reporting of LRMS data using the on- 
line graphic interface provided by the module's geographic infor- 
mation system software. 
MAP PRODUCTION MODULE 
Data Sources 
The primary source of data for ESA's cartographic database is 
aerial photography augmented with control surveys, aerial trian- 
gulation and field verification surveys, as required. The following 
photo scales are used for the production of the map series 
indicated. 
e  1:2,500 Map Series - 1:10,000 scale aerial photography. 
e 1:1,000 Town Plan Series - 1:5,000 scale aerial 
photography. 
Cartographic Database 
The data items in ESA’s cartographic database are those neces- 
sary for producing ESA’s standard series of 1:2,500 scale maps and 
1:1,000 scale town plans. Approximately 130 feature codes are 
currently used to describe the planimetric and cartographic fea- 
tures of interest to ESA. They are stored in ARC/Info format. 
Quality Control 
Field verification and visual editing procedures are used to assess 
the esthetic quality, adherence to cartographic specifications and 
completeness of content of plotted maps. Spatial topology is 
verified and maintained through the use of ARC/Info’s built in 
utilities for cleaning the topology of graphic files. Specialized 
proof plots with temporary symbols are to verify database at- 
tributes and spatial integrity. 
Configuration 
This module consists of two networked systems. 
Data Collection System. This system controls the collection of 
topographic and planimetric features from aerial photography. 
The primary data collection instruments are nine Zeiss P3 analyti- 
cal plotters. Six Kern PG2 stereoplotters equipped with encoders 
are also used for data capture. All photogrammetric workstations 
are on a Novell Network. The software employed for data capture 
is the Kork Digital Mapping System. These compiled data are 
converted to DEX format before being passed to the Map Publish- 
ing System. 
Map Publishing System. This system controls the translation of 
graphic data from DEX to ARC/Info format, the editing and 
cartographic finishing of data collected with the data collection 
system as well as data collected during the field verification of 
compilation manuscripts and cadastral surveys. This system con- 
trols the preparation of check plots as well as the production of 
camera ready film positives of each map sheet. 
Its primary production instruments are 16 DEC 5000 Unix work- 
station running ARC/Info software. Other tools include electro- 
static and drum plotters. All cartographic workstations are on a 
191 
Unix Network. Arabic calligraphy is added to maps and managed 
by the JoGraph Arabization routines within ARC/Info. 
System Administration 
Administration of this module is the responsibility of the Aerial 
Survey Department (ASD) Systems Manager. He establishes 
backup schedules, oversees weekly off-site archiving ofthe carto- 
graphic database, and controls access to the databases. He is also 
responsible for maintaining the integrity of the cartographic 
database, ensuring that changes are not made to its structure 
without his concurrence and documenting all authorized changes. 
Under his direction, the Systems Support and Development De- 
partment is responsible for the maintenance of the Novell and 
Unix networks as well as for hardware and software maintenance. 
Software development, currently the job of the Geonex Photo- 
grammetric and Cartographic Advisors, will in time be shifted to 
ASD's Systems Support and Development Department. 
Final Products 
“This module produces: 
e Camera ready film positives of 1:2,500 scale topographic 
and planimetric maps. 
e  Cameraready film positives of 1:2,500 scale cadastral maps. 
e (Camera ready film positives of 1:1,000 scale town plans. 
e Camera ready film positives of customized topographic, 
planimetric and cadastral maps at scales between 1:10,000 and 
1:1,000 and containing selective features from ESA's carto- 
graphic database. 
e Digital files containing the topographic, cultural and 
cadastral features contained in the cartographic database and 
suitable for use by outside agencies requiring such information. 
CADASTRAL OVERLAY PRODUCTION MODULE 
Data Sources 
The primary source of the parcel, administrative and political 
boundary data items needed for the production of cadastral maps 
are cadastral surveys conducted by ESA’s Cadastral Survey De- 
partment using Total Stations. Additional sources include: 
e GPS surveys for placing cadastral surveys in the same 
coordinate system as the maps produced using photogrammet- 
ric techniques. 
e “Project Maps” for locating canal and road easements and 
rights-of-way. 
Cadastral Features 
Parcel, administrative and political boundary data items needed 
for the production of cadastral maps will be permanently stored in 
ESA's cartographic database in ARC/Info format. Currently they 
are being maintained in AutoCAD’s DRG format for use in an 
interim cadastral map publishing system. Approximately five 
additional feature codes are currently used to describe the cadastral 
and other boundary features of interest to ESA. 
Data used in the interim cadastral map production system is 
archived at the cadastral field office producing it. A copy of these 
data is periodically sent to ASD’s digital cartography department 
in Cairo, in DFX format, for conversion to ARC/Info format and 
spatial adjustment by the Map Production Module’s map publish-