Both academic and technical Zambian staff 
are also involved in short term training 
(courses, work shops) in the new 
developments in equipment 
and software (ILWIS, PC ARC/INFO, PAT 
MR,GEOSECMA), 
arranged in Zambia and other countries. 
6. REGIONAL COOPERATION IN EDUCATION OF 
SURVEYORS 
The cost of modern surveying education is 
very high. Such investment can only be 
reduced through international cooperation 
within the Region. The countries of 
Eastern, Central and Southern Africa have 
only a few academic institutions which can 
provide a higher education in surveying. 
The University of Zambia is one of such 
institutions. Such countries as Botswana, 
Malawi, Namibia, Swaziland or Mozambique 
have not higher education in surveying at 
all. 
The Departmenty of Surveying at UNZA is 
prepared to train up to six students from 
other countries of the Region each year 
for the Bachelor Surveying programme. 
There are two possibilities to enter the 
Land Surveying programme. Students with 
only 'O' level education have to study the 
whole five years programme at UNZA with 
addmission to the first year programme in 
the School of Natural Sciences. Students 
with 'A' level or with the technical 
national diploma in Surveying can be 
directly admitted to the second year of 
Engineering programme and subsequently 
join the Land Surveying programme if they 
satisfy some other required conditions. 
The first candidate from Malawi with the 
technical diploma in Surveying applied for 
the direct admission to the Engineering 
programme for 1991/92 academic year but 
unfortunately he failed the UNZA enter 
test. The next candidate from Mozambique 
is expecting to enter the Land Surveying 
programme through the General Engineering 
programme in 1992/93. 
7. CONCLUSION 
Development of African countries requires 
professional surveyors who are prepared to 
use the modern technologies in all areas 
of surveying and mapping. The surveying 
programme in learning institutions should 
correspond with technologies presently 
used and also meet the requirements of new 
technologies to be introduced in future in 
these countries. Therefore education of 
surveyors in African countries requires a 
very constructive curriculum which takes 
into consideration all these aspects. 
A cost of surveying/mapping equipment and 
application software is very high. 
Therefore, the choice of equipment should 
be considered very carefuly, keeping in 
mind the possibility for extension or 
updating the existing equipment and 
computer system in the cheapest way. 
The academic and technical staff in 
African learning institutions should have 
proper basic education and postgraduate 
training. Therefore, a cooperation and 
211 
consolidation of all possible resources 
and efforts are needed. 
REFERENCES 
/1/ Bujakiewicz A., 1990. Land Surveying 
Training in Zambia. Proceedings of 
Symposium ISPRS, Commission VI, Rhodes 
Island, Greece. 
/2/ Gruen A., 1990. A Modern Approach to 
Photogrammetric Curricula. Proccedings 
of Symposium ISPRS, Commission VI, 
Greece. 
/3/ Leachy F., Williamson J. 1991. 
Education Strategies for 
Developing Countries. 
Proceedings of Conference of 
Commonwealth Surveyors, Cambridge. 
/4/ Krakiwsky E.J.,1987. A Catologue of 
Undergraduate Programmes in Surveying 
and Mapping. Report. International 
Assosiation of Geodesy, Commission IX.