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Week 4 (UCL). Vision, depth perception,
stereoscopy, parallax. Geometry of image and map.
Measurement principles. Practical exercises.
Week 5 (UCL). Principles and methods of
stereoplotting. Ground control, aerial triangulation.
Practical exercises.
Week 6 (UCL). Aerial triangulation, rectification,
orthophotography. Practical exercises.
Week 7 (UCL). Cartography (held at King's College
London Study Centre in Sussex). Visit to Ordnance
Survey, Southampton. Study break. Coursework
submission for Part 1.
Week 8 (AIS). Basic navigation. Projections used in
air navigation. Definitions. Instruments, atmosphere,
flight planning, calculation. Principles of flight. In-
flight recognition of terrain features, meteorology,
map reading, scale of flight maps. Aeromedical
instruction.
Week 9 (AIS). Mission planning and survey
navigation. Tolerances, reference elevations,
mountainous terrain. Mission preparation
(Peterborough area), overlays, flight lines, block
pattern flying. Contract tendering, project
management, permit applications, aircraft, equipment
and materials. Reporting.
Week 10 (AIS). Basic radio, enroute navigation.
Charts and planning. Electronic aids for survey
navigation. Doppler, inertial, satellite systems, GPS
(demonstrations). Aircraft systems, costing and
modifications. Air camera and navigation sight
installations.
Week 11 (AIS). Photographic theory for aerial
survey. Physical and chemical properties of
materials. Sensitometry. Monochrome, colour and
infrared materials. Laboratory design. Air film
processing, field and laboratory methods, machine
processing. Processing control, water and
temperature control.
Week 12 (AIS). Selection of air films for specific
tasks. Film faults (practical analysis). Image quality,
exposure, processing, granularity, haze, image
motion, effect of turbulance, FMC systems. MTF,
OTF, Fourier and edge gradient analysis,
microdensitometer application. Digital imagery,
CCD cameras. Theory of colour materials. Printing
methods, basic and electronic, print materials.
Multispectral photography for remote sensing.
Oblique photography. Small format systems.
Week 13. Examinations for Part 1. Visit to Belgium
(Burosense and Agfa Gevaert). Students follow a
detailed programme of instruction with visits to a
number of laboratories. The visit is completed with
practical survey flying in a Eurosense aircraft fitted
with a Leica (Wild) RC20 air survey camera with
FMC. The Agfa Gevaert air films are processed by
each student.
297
Part 2 Studies
Part 2 of the CASP course lasts for one month, is
held at PhotoAir in Yaxley, near Peterborough,
Cambridgeshire and is entirely practical. Instruction
is provided by AIS staff with the considerable
assistance of staff and facilities of PhotoAir.
PhotoAir provide two aircraft equipped for survey:
(1) Cessna 337 twin engined aircraft fitted with a
large format (mapping) camera, navigation
sight, RNAV and survey GPS (CCNS 4); and
(ii) Cessna 172 fitted with a calibrated 70 mm
survey camera, video and optical navigation
sight, RNAV and survey GPS (CPNS).
During Part 2 of the course, students put into
practice the lessons and excersises conducted in Part
1. Each student will log at least 10 hours of flying,
during which time the student will be responsible for
the flight planning, navigation and camera operation
of a variety of missions. Students will process their
own air films, both 70 mm and 230 mm, using
various processing methods. In addition, the
manufacturers will demonstrate the Zeiss
(Oberkochen) RMK TOP and Zeiss (Jena) LMK
2000 camera systems. During these periods, all
students will have an opportunity to use these
cameras (with and without FMC) either on the
simulator or in flight, according to flying conditions
at the time. Film processing, printing, diapositive
and loose mosaic production is conducted at
PhotoAir and is supported by a visit to the
laboratories of the Cambridge University Committee
for Aerial Photography.
Special consideration is given to GPS survey
navigation during Part 2 of the course. This allows
students to compare their navigation skills when
using a conventional navigation sight with their
results from GPS navigation, determined from a
photographic index from their missions. All students
are given an opportunity to plan, compute, fly and
analyse a mission employing one or both of the AIS
survey systems (CCNS 4 or CPNS).
SUMMARY
By the end of the CASP course, each student should
be sufficiently prepared to engage in aerial survey at
a basic level. No claims are made to suggest that, at
the end of four months, the CASP student will be an
experienced operator (Appendix B) but at least the
student will know enough to be aware of the