The geodetic marks describe and keep in
the matearilized way the relationship with the
terrain position and its representation in the chart
or map. All geodetic mark is the starting-point
for any measure in the terrain. It gives support to
the civil engineering, geophysic and quality
control guarantee of the systematic mapping. The
geodetic surveys are indispensable to the land
possession, bounderies definitions for example,
the Brazil/Colombia boundery is limited by a
geodetic line, beginning in Tabatinga, in the
State of Amazonas, with ground survey, assisted
by the airbone side-looking radar images,
efficient cartographic documents to the tropical
Zones, dense forests and clooud covery.
The Army Geographic Directory -
SGEsince 1982, firmed and agreement with The
Indian Foundation - FUNAI. It has already
demarked seventy million square kilometers in
the Amazon, The SGE since 1986 in the “Calha
Norte Project”, with the Brazilian Environment
Institute - IBAMA has been demarked the famous
reservation Chico Mendes, Xapuri, State of Acre.
The SGE has cooperated with the Agrarian
Reform and Colonization National Institute -
INCRA, in the deforested area during the last
fifteen years in order to solve the social conflicts
applying geodesy in the South of the State of
Pará.
The Brazilian Air Force, Aeronautical
Cartographic Institute - ICA, is producing
through sucess its image-maps (12) in the
1:500.000 scale, (5) in the 1:250.000 due to the
lack of cartographic documents in the Amazon
region. INPE and the Aeronatical Technology
Center - CTA are working with the Popular
Republica of China, both will launch the China-
Brazil Earth Resources Satellite, in 1997.
The Direction of Hidrography and
Navigation - DHN made the Cartography Basic
Plan and made about 101 charts of the Amazon
Basin River. The IBGE produced the Legal
Amazon Map in the scale of the 1:3.000.000, the
maps from the States of Amapá, Roraima and
Tocantins. The great Brazilian Oil Company - the
PETROBRÁS developed the geodetic survey
activities in the Sedimentary Amazon Basin.
The airbone Synthetic Aperture Radar -
SAR may be appelied with satellite radar data.
The Brazilian Cartography has a considerable
tradition on radar technology. In the past 70's the
government authorized the RADAM BRASIL
10
project (airbone side-looking radar) to the
geopolitcs vision named Amazon Operation, and
produced maps in the 1:250.000 and 1:1.000.000
scales. Nowadays, some areas in the Amazon
need maps at the scale of 1:25.000, 1:50.000 and
1:100.000 for territory management, land use,
demark indian lands and natural reserves.
Canada has developed the airbone
Synthetic Aperture Radar technology in in the
1:50.000 and 1:100.000 scales. A big advantage
is the digital data which may be combined with
wellknown sensors and make the thematic
mapping production easier.
The SAR technology is wellkown in:
Canada, United States, France, Africa (The
Congo Rain Forest) and Asia. In South America,
Colombia applied the airbone SAR, in the urban
planning at Bogota and in the Colobian Amazon
region. Dr. Fraser TAYLOR the former President
of the International Cartographic Association -
ICA/ACI advise us to make comparisons among
SPOT, TM, MSS, aerial photos and the modern
products ERS-1, JERS-1, IRS-IB, photos KVR-
100J and the RADAR SAT in order to better
evaluable the SAR system. In France
cartographers made advanced studies combining
SPOT digial data and ERS-1 data. They suggest
another program like as SAREX-92 - The
Airbone Sybthetic Aperture Radar Program,
operated in May, 1992, in Brasil, Vezenuela,
Parama and Costa Rica, including the
participation of meanly cartographic
organizations in the South America.
In the future cartographers will make the
RADARSAT data and the CBERS data available
increasing horizons and the challenge in
cartography and remote sensing. Certainly they
will give support to the mapping activities in the
Brazilian Amazon region. The Strategic Affairs
Secretary - SAE planned the Projects: the
Amazon Protection System - SIPAM and The
Amazon Protection Vigilance - SIVAM,
recommending: the sustainable development,
survey and development of new tecnologies in
the Amazon region, environmental control and
public healty. The SIVAM PROJECT will map
the Amazon Region in Brazil, applying the
airbone SAR of the Mac Donald Detwiller, the
Canadian Enterprise fixed to the airplane Brasilia
Aeronautic Brasilian Enterprise.
We know the systematic mapping is
basic to the chart production and thematic maps
International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXI, Part B2. Vienna 1996
