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ORIMA-S Standard version for model orientation with
sequential adjustment, statistical blunder
detection and on line quality control.
ORIMA-T Same features as ORIMA-S, in addition
triangulation measurement and digital point
transfer.
ORIMA-TB Same features as ORIMA-T, in addition full
integrated bundle adjustment program
(CAP-A). This version is limited to a block
size of 100 images.
ORIMA-TE Same features as ORIMA-TB but without
limitaitons concerning the size of the block.
3. ORIMA WORKING PHILOSOPHY
The main characteristic of ORIMAs working philosophy is
the sequential computation during measurement. This
allows for an early detection of measuring errors. CAP-A
in ORIMA-TB, ORIMA-TE is fully integrated into ORIMA.
The same philosophy or sequential adjustment can be
used for the bundle trangulation with CAP-A. It is not
necessary to finish the measurement process for the
whole block before the bundle adjustment is performed.
As soon as a minimum of images were measured the
bundle trangulation can be started already. The main
purpose of the sequential bundle triangulation is to detect
blunders as early as possible. This allows for easy
correction of the blunder by remeasurement. Furthermore
the sequential bundle adjustment allows for a high quality
digital point transfer between strips. The sequential
bundle triangulation can be limited to parts of the block.
This is economical in terms of computation time and it is
sufficient for blunder detection and digital point transfer.
For ORIMA-TB, ORIMA-TE the sequential bundle
triangulation is performed on the same PC in the
background while the measuring process is continued in
the foreground.
In order to obtain optimum results a final bundle
triangulation including all images of the block must be
carried out. Self-calibration parameters which are
provided by CAP-A can be applied also during this final
computation in order to eliminate systematic
deformations.
4. ORIMA MAIN FEATURES
ORIMA is capable of managing all aspects necessary to
perform a photogrammetric orientation of a single model
as well as multi model orientation by block triangulation.
The functionality covers the measurement of image and
model coordinates, computation of orientation
parameters, detection of measuring errors by statistical
blunder detection, computation of quality criteria to judge
the quality of the orientation of the model and block, and
the download of model parameters into the analytical
workstation. All measurements and computation results
are based on sophisticated mathematical models and are
presented in a simple graphical form. As an alternative to
the graphical presentation, all results are also available in
47
the form of numerical listings. Output on paper is
available for the graphical form and the numerical listing
form. As ORIMA runs on MS-Windows, its user interface
follows strictly the guidelines set up for Windows
programs. ORIMAs working philosophy is the same used
within other Windows based graphical programs. This
ensures a short learning period.
The advantages of ORIMA are summarised:
e Modular software system (Upgrade is possible).
Standard graphical user interface.
Optional continuous quality control.
Direct model orientation without repeated relative and
absolute orientation after block triangulation in
relation with supported triangulation software.
® Measurements for bundle adjustment are performed
in comparator mode, but for ergonomically reasons
searching of point is performed in model mode.
e Use of rigorous mathematical models:
- Results of two-step model orientation is identical
to one step bundle orientation with free
adjustment.
- Errors of control points are easily edentified and
cannot be transferred to the photogrammetric
model.
e Compatibility to major mapping packages
e Integrated bundle program based on CAP:
- Increased productivity
- No input and output translation required
- [Easy to use
- Interactive graphical analysis of results
- Background processing, continuous quality
control of the measurements
- Digital point transfer between strips.
- Direct model orientation without repeated relative
and absolute orientation saves time and leads to
absolutely consistent results across borders.
- Additional parameters are transferred to the Leica
LMT based analytical workstations, therefore no
degradation of the bundle adjustment accuracy
when a model is loaded after triangulation.
5. CONCLUSION
The combination of maesurements and triangulation
computation on the analytical workstation is increasing
significantly the productivity in triangulation work.
The well known time consuming process for blunder
detection is partly eliminated because errors can be
detected much earlier during the measuring process.
Owing to dedicated graphical display of the object points
and tools like the specialized point editor and the ground
control editor, the location of blunders in the block is very
fast.
With ORIMA the new orientation management software
for analytical workstations, Leica offers a state-of-the art
package in order to increase the efficiency of the mapping
process.
6.BIBLIOGRAPHY
International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXI, Part B2. Vienna 1996