will be always negative. 
2.2 Angle distortion 
Horizontal angles © could be surveyed in the tangent plane going 
nny 
through the point B. Corresponding angles © , which are measured 
? 
in the image plane 3. are 
xd cos« 
cotgG - cotgOó -------- (5) 
cos (« 4 Y) 
Then the angle distortion of the satellite images is 
NO -9-g (6) 
2.3 Cartographic distortion of lengths and areas 
Applying,the foormulae (1) up to (4), the cartographic distortion 
can be defined: 
length distortion in the radial direction m = 303 (7) 
Ss 
length distortion in the perpendicular directio m - n (8) 
$x 
| San Sr 
area distortion P= --——-—--- (9) 
ds . és 
3. ANALYSIS OF THE EXISTING DATABASES 
The present database of the territory, both of Czech and Slovak 
Republic, are of two types: civil maps and military maps. The ci- 
vil maps are again of two types: a) large scale maps, mostly only 
planimetric maps without elevation data, b) topographic maps of 
medium scales. The military maps are topographic maps of medium 
and small scales. The planimetric data in the civil medium scale 
maps are rather poor than in the militarv mans. Tt is due to the 
exaggeratea secCreuivness in the last aecadaes. he two cartogra - 
phic databases, civil and military, are different in many res- 
oects. First of all, the cartographic reprsentation and coordinate 
Systems are different. The system of the civil maps (abbreviation 
506 
International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXI, Part B3. Vienna 1996 
   
    
  
    
   
     
   
  
  
    
   
  
  
    
    
  
    
   
    
   
   
  
    
    
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