ing 
red 
tion 
7) 
8) 
ak 
ci- 
only 
um 
ale 
che 
inate 
tion 
S-JTSK) is based on the oblique conic representation (Kfovák 1922) 
The system of military maps (S-42) is based on the transversal cy- 
lindric (Gauss-Krüger) representation. But one thing is common to 
to the civil and malitary maps: they are basd on conform carto- 
graphic representation. Several generations of geodesist believed 
that the conform representation is the best, pariculary for the 
large scale maps. There are meny arguments for this statement. At 
least one should be mentioned here. Already some century ago the 
geodesists could measure the angles very precisely, with error 
even less than one second(l"). On the other side, only few years 
ago they have such devices, which are suitable to measure lengths 
with errors about 0.lm or less. It has seemed to be logical that 
the angle elements, which have been measured with high precision 
are reprsented in the map without deformation. On the contrary, 
the length elements, which have been measured with lower preci- 
sion; cannot be too degradedeven if the length distortion exists 
in the map. 
4. SUGGESTION OF CARTOGRAPHIC REPRESENTATION 
4:1 Characteristics of environment data 
We can consider that the environment is everything in our sur- 
roundings, on the Earth and in the atmosphere. The graphical re- 
presentation of surroundings in maps is very natural, very under- 
standable, and it has a long time historical tradition. Every lite- 
rate man can read the map, he understands it, and the map is for 
him the main source of information about environment, about the 
close surroundings and the far regions. The great part of environ- 
ment elements, for example woods, agriculture vegetations, water 
areas, dwelling places, industrial complexes. Those elements are 
usually the decisive elements for the charcter of the region, for 
the character of environment. Now, it seems to be logical to re- 
present these elements in maps without deformation. This leeds to 
an idea of equivalent representation for the maps of environment. 
4.2 Theoretical principles of representation 
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International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXI, Part B3. Vienna 1996