Raper, J. and Livingstone, D., 1995. Development 
of a geomorphological spatial model using object- 
oriented design, INT. J. Geographical Information 
Systems, Vol. 9, No.4, pp.359-383. 
Roshannejad, A.A., 1996. The Management of 
Spatio-Temporal Data in a National Geographic 
Information System, Ph.D. Thesis (to be published). 
Yuan, M., 1995. Wildfire Conceptual Modeling for 
Building GIS Space-Time Model, Temporal Data in 
Geographic Information Systems, complied by 
Frank, A.U., Kuhn, W. and Haunold, P., pp.47-56. 
Yuan, M. and, Albrecht, J., 1995. Structural 
Analysis of Geographic Information and GIS 
Operations from a Users Perspective, Lecture 
Notes in Computer Science 998, Spatial Information 
Theory - A Theoretical Basis for GIS, Proceeding of 
the International Conference of X COSIT'95, 
Semmering, Austria, Sept. 21-23, Eds. Frank, A.U. 
and Kuhn, W., pp. 107-122. 
  
  
  
  
  
| object1,1 [1 timel Hd themel |---| location | 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
object 1 : 
; lobiect1,2 rl time2 = theme 2 | Mert | location2 | 
(a) 
theme 1 
thematic-relationship theme 2 
Brie theme n 
: time 
object 1 : ; 
N ^ (implicitly) /' location 1 
se Ju / location 2 
location-relationship ps location n 
(b) 
Figure 5: Links between the objects with its spatio-temporal references 
‘First level: landscape units 
.aggregated from (code of) factors 
  
Coastal Zone 
  
  
Landscape units: 
foreshore, beach, foredune 
  
  
  
  
  
form | | process | | material | 
CO N 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
:Form 1 : iProcess 1 ;  iMaterial 1 
:Form 2 : IiProcess2  : :Material2 
ifomn a | iProcessn .;  iMaterialn s 
Second level: : Form (id, name, time_of_knowing, location, attribute) - bar; 
‚description of each :|Process (id, name, time of knowing, location, attribute, model) - erosion; 
'factor of forms, process '|Material (id, name, time of knowing, location, attribute) - sand; 
:& materials; __............ 
LUE. UE - id e 
‘Third level: : time 1, time 2, ... time n Model (id, factors, expression) 
:spatio-temporal 
Factors(id, name, value, time-of-knowing); 
  
‘reference to the three: 
sea(id, time, purity, stage, waves, 
  
factors and models :| [attribute 1, attribute 
:associated : 
  
currents, tidal, wind, storm); 
2: ee wave(id, time, height, form, direction): 
wind(id, time, direction, speed, frequency); 
  
vegetation(id, type, time, height, location); 
  
Muere arent 
  
location 1, location 2, ..., 
  
Expression(parameters, conditions, etc.); 
  
  
  
  
  
  
Figure 6: Data model for the study of the geomorphology of coastal zones 
International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXI, Part B3. Vienna 1996 
856 
   
AI 
Th 
ba: 
de 
of 
rel 
Th 
qu 
SYS 
gel 
col 
pr 
da 
pr 
19 
be 
Sp: 
(Sc 
dig 
em 
cel 
ap] 
ge 
exi 
fir: 
pr 
19 
be 
al.. 
aut 
ma 
SYS 
Sys 
ext 
rot 
res 
An 
im 
rec 
bec 
prc 
fro 
ph; 
Orc 
obj