Remeasured ground controls in the entire area gave a general idea 
of the ground movement referring to the existing geological 
knowledge and rapid field reconnaissance after the earthquake. 
5.1 3D Photogrammetric Deformation Measurement 
There were many active faults newly found in the strongly shaken 
belt zone. And the WG selected some representative areas with 
different types of materials for measurement. and found some 
distinct phenomena in the areas. 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Before After Remarks 
Ashiya 1/4000 photos |1/4000 photos |3 major active 
( 9 sqkm) 800 check pts faults 
(mainly Road |Leveling on  |Large scale 
Painting) Manholes triangulated 
900 Manholes |(12000) photo 
Eastern 1/4000 photos |1/4000 photos |3 major active 
Kobe(6 sqkm) |200 check pts |Demolished [faults 
(mainly Road |Bldg(3D) 
Painting) Liquefied Area 
(Polygon) 
Toyonaka 1/3000 photos |1/3000 photos |Butunenji fault 
(6 sqkm) 460 check 460 check pts |1/3000 photos 
WesternKobe {1/2500 map {1/4000 photos |2 newly found 
( 10 sqkm) Demolished [active faults; 
Nishinomiya Bldg.(3D), Harbor area + 
( 12 sqkm) Liquified major faults; 
Itami Area(Polygon) |(Itami fault) 
( 12 sqkm) not active 
Osaka harbor |1/2500 map  |1/10000 Photo |slight effect 
( 20 sqkm) Liquefied Area 
  
Tab 12 representative research zones 
5.2 3D presentation of deformation measurement 
Measured deformations of controls, height points and 3D objects 
are expressed first on a Planimetric (raster -vector) maps. 
[n LS 
  
iiu TERZA 
Fig. 13 2D presentation of deformation residuals 
Digital Terrain model of this area is constructed from 50m mesh 
derived from 1:25,000 topographic maps. 
This 3D platform was used both for re-projection of planimetric 
digital vector maps and for creation of 3D textured image of 
geological map, expressing correspondence between the amount 
of deformation and existing faults and strata. 
  
348 
Fig. 14 3D residuals in parallelepiped shape 
For 3D presentation of the residuals we created (vector+circle) 
combination and 3D parallelepiped to show the individual amount of 
residuals of the points, in the following figure. 
6. Conclusions and Remarks 
The entire Photogrammetric investigation in Kobe earthquake has 
been accomplished with some newly created methods and 
approaches, such as digital flight line - exposure station drawings 
and database, GPS+aerial triangulation processing and 3D 
platform expressing residuals and deformations. 
The most essential aspect of the project was the cooperation 
between photogrammetrists and geotechnical engineers, 
geologists in the common research field. 
“ Kobe Earthquake aerial photo retrieval system” itself is a kind of 
first applications, GIS consisting of 3D-CAD and RDBMS on PC 
environment, using image data maps. 
It is also requested to be an urgent emergency system for expected 
disasters in the field of mapping and surveying. 
Acknowledgment 
The authors appreciate sincere cooperation of the municipalities, 
which supervise controls and aerial photos in the respective cities. 
References 
1. Kobe Earthquake Investigation Commission, Japanese 
Geotechnical Society; Hanshin - Awaji daishinsai(The great 
Hanshin - Awaji Earthquake Disaster) Investigation Report , 1996.3 
2. Geographical Survey Institute ; Journal of the Geographical 
Survey Institute(1995, Vol.83) 1995.5 
International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXI, Part B4. Vienna 1996 
  
KE 
AB 
In s 
test 
the 
pro 
soft 
In ? 
laur 
Dur 
test: 
and 
3 (E 
real 
and 
anal 
Mar 
the 
as 
the . 
The 
unic 
data 
dec: 
obta 
of t] 
Mar 
sing 
panc 
The 
spac 
look 
resp 
by 1 
Scal. 
ima; 
teste 
for 
The 
expe 
at t 
sout 
HRS