1. INTRODUCTION
The changes in Bulgaria by the end of 1989 strongly
influence the economy of the country. The economic
structures are changing, the participation of the
government in the economy is decreasing considerably,
the relations between it and the private physical and legal
entities are changing, the private incentives in the trade,
commerce and banking are stimulated.
The economic changes are accomplished in four
directions:
(i) Restitution of ownership of urban property and
industrial enterprises,
(ii) Privatisation of state-owned industrial enterprises,
(iii) Restitution of private ownership of agricultural lands.
(iv) Restitution of private ownership of forests.
All this requires considerable changes in the
organisation, management and performance of the
geodetic, cartographic and cadastral activities in the
country, including the introduction of new technologies
and equipment.
The territory of Bulgaria is 111 thousand sq. km 60% of
which are farming lands and 40% are arable lands. The
settlements are above 5 thousand and occupy 4.5% of
the territory. The population of Bulgaria is 8.5 million.
2. MANAGEMENT
The geodetic, cartographic and cadastral activities are
managed by the Main Department of Cadastre and
Geodesy at the Ministry of Regional Development and
Construction. Some 28 Regional Offices of Cadastre and
Geodesy are established on the territory of the country
which are local bodies of the Main Department of
Cadastre and Geodesy. The Department, together with
its Regional Offices, carry out the state policy, planning,
financing, control and approval of all technical activities
on cadastre, geodesy, photogrammetry and cartography,
which are for civil purposes.
Numerous companies most of which have surveying as
the main production are involved in geodesy, surveying,
cartography and cadastre in this country. About 60 of
these companies are state-owned. The proportion of the
technical activities done by the state companies is 75%
and by the private companies — 25% (Katzarsky and
Koleva, 1996).
3. GEODETIC, CARTOGRAPHIC AND CADASTRAL
MATERIALS AND DATA
Except for some attempts in the remote past for mapping
the territory occupied by present-day Bulgaria, as well as
the plane-table survey at scale of 1:42 000 made by the
Russian Topographic Corps during and right after the
Russian-Turkish Liberation War of 1877-1878, the
surveying and mapping activities in the country have
more than hundred years history. In comparison with
some other countries of similar size, historical destiny
and economic potential, Bulgaria is well provided in
geodetic and cartographic aspects (Katzarsky and
Koleva, 1996).
3.1. Geodetic Networks
On the territory of Bulgaria geodetic networks are
constructed consisting of about 60 thousand triangulation
points, 15 thousand bench marks, as well as 335
fundamental bench marks, about 400 gravimetric and
800 magnetic points. Due to the intensive development of
particular regions about 15% of the triangulation points
were destroyed and the portion of the destroyed
triangulation points in the settlements and in the industrial
areas may reach 40%.
Four tide gauge stations on the Black Sea coast, two
control measurement bases, one magnetic station and
one gravimetric polygon were built. A space station for
observation of earth artificial satellites for geodetic
purposes as well as a geodynamic station were built.
3.2. Topographic Maps
The country is covered by a topographic map at scale of
1:25 000 with contour interval 5 and 10 m, as well as with
by-product maps at smaller scales. The map is five-
coloured and is revised every 8-10 years.
The compilation of a large-scale topographic map began
in 1954 and was completed in 1984. About 90% of the
map is at scale of 1:5000 and about 10% - at scale of
1:10 000. The contour interval is 1, 2, 5 and 10 m
depending on the scale and the terrain configuration. The
map is five and three-coloured and about 40% of it is
updated.
For some specific purposes (mainly for investigation of
linear and hydro-technical projects) maps at scale of
1:2000 and larger are made.
3.3. Orthophotomaps
In the 1981-1991 period orthophotomaps without
contours were made at scale of 1:5000 of 60 thousand
Sq. km and at scale of 1:10 000 of 24 thousand sq. km of
the territory of the country. Orthophotomaps at scale of
1:2000 are prepared for some parts of the country.
3.4. Urban Maps
In Bulgaria there are above 5 thousand settlements of
different size and type as well as other settlement
formations (hamlets, railway stations, industrial zones).
For most of them maps at scale of 1:1000 and 1:500 are
made and for some central parts of the towns - also
maps at scale of 1:250. About 50-6096 of the urban maps
are actual. The maps are three-coloured with contour
interval 1 and 0.5 m.
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International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXI, Part B4. Vienna 1996
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