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Mason, D.C., M.A. O'Conaill and S.B.M. Bell, 1994. Handling 
Four-dimensional Geo-referenced Data in Environmental GIS, 
IJGIS, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp.191-215. 
Meagher, D., 1982. Geometric Modeling Using Octree 
Encoding, Computer Graphics and Image Processing, 19, 
pp.129-147. 
(a) 
Smith, D.R. and A.R. Paradis, 1989. Three-dimensional GIS 
for the Earth Sciences, edited by J.F. Raper, Chapter 11 in 
Three Dimensional Applications in GIS, (Bristol, PA: Taylor 
and Francis), pp.149-154. 
Turner, A.K., 1989. The Role of Three-dimensional 
Geographic Information Systems in Subsurface 
Characterization for Hydrogeological Applications, edited by 
J.F. Raper, Chapter 8 in Three Dimensional Applications in 
GIS, (Bristol, PA: Taylor and Francis), pp.115-127. 
  
(b) 
Figure 4 One of examples in geological subsurface modeling: Interactive definition of “fences” on a 
subsurface model (a) and removal of the front part of the model using spatial operations (b) 
513 
International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXI, Part B4. Vienna 1996