Full text: XVIIIth Congress (Part B4)

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3D - URBAN DATA FOR PLANNING CELLULAR RADIO NETWORKS 
Eckhard Siebe 
Mannesmann Mobilfunk GmbH 
D - 40543 Düsseldorf, Germany 
e-mail: esiebe@tegate.mmo.de 
Commission IV, Working Group 4 
KEY WORDS: Telecommunication, 3D-Urban Data, Analytical and Digital Photogrammetry 
ABSTRACT 
Mannesmann Mobilfunk GmbH with its D2 network is the first private GSM network operator in Germany. The D2 network 
is a cellular radio network with small cellular sites. The size of a cell depends on the topography and the expected traffic 
load, and also on the performance of the base and mobile station. Up to now the radius of a cell varied between three and 
35 kilometers. For planning cellular radio networks, topographic data will be used. This includes demographic data, the 
information about the land use and terrain height data. Especially in the major cities the topographic data which has been 
used up to now is no longer sufficient. In order to plan optimized coverage and capacity, precise digital data of the terrain 
height is currently needed. The knowledge of city structures is a requirement for the planning of further antenna locations 
for the so-called microcells. 
City structure data is defined as geocoded terrain height data including the location and the height of the buildings. This 
data is not yet available, so it was derived by placing an order. For this purpose the requirements (pixelsize, accuracy, 
degree of detail, etc.) and the possible methods for generating 3D building data are discussed. Finally, the generated data 
sets and those German cities which have been examined so far (with a total area of more than 1000 km? ) are presented. 
Die Mannesmann Mobilfunk GmbH ist der erste private GSM-Netzbetreiber in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Das 
D2-Netz ist ein zellulares Funktnetz. Die Größe einer Zelle ist dabei abhängig von der Topographie und dem erwarteten 
Telefonaufkommen, sowie den Leistungsparametern der Basis- und Mobilstationen, bisher lag der Radius einer Zelle 
zwischen drei und 35 Kilometern. Für die Planung zellularer Funknetze werden unter anderem topographische Daten 
benötigt. Dazu gehören neben den Informationen über die Geländenutzung und den demographischen Daten die 
Informationen über die Geländehöhe. Für den weiteren Ausbau des digitalen D2-Mobilfunknetzes in den Städten reichen 
die bisherigen Kenntnisse über die tatsächliche Geländeoberfläche nicht mehr aus. Für eine optimale Versorgungs- und 
Kapazitätsplanung in den Städten sind genaue digitale Daten der Stadtstrukturen (ein sogenanntes digitales Stadtmodell) 
erforderlich. Die Kenntnisse über diese Stadtstrukturen sind dabei Voraussetzung für die Planung von möglichen 
Antennenstandorten für die Mikrozellen. 
Ein digitales Stadtmodell ist als eine geocodierte höhenmäßige Darstellung einer Stadtoberfläche zu verstehen. Die 
Höhendarstellung umfaßt dabei nicht nur die geometrische Beschreibung der Erdoberfläche, sondern zusätzlich noch die 
Beschreibung der Gebäude. Da diese Art Daten derzeit am Markt nicht erhältlich sind, wurden sie im Auftrag erzeugt. 
Dabei werden zunächst die Anforderungen (Pixelgröße, Genauigkeiten, Detaillierungsgrad, usw.) und dann verschiedene 
Methoden zur Generierung diskutiert. Zum Schluß werden die erzeugten Daten und die bisher bearbeiteten deutschen 
Städte (in der Summe mehr als 1000 km“ Fläche) vorgestellt. 
1. INTRODUCTION For planning cellular radio networks, topographic data will 
be used. This includes demographic data, the information 
Mannesmann Mobilfunk GmbH with its D2 network is the about the land use and terrain height data. 
first private GSM network operator in Germany. Up to now Terrain height data is geocoded within a 100 m grid and is 
98 % of its citizens within 95 % of the area of Germany can processed for the entire area of Germany and a 70 km strip 
use this modern mobile telephone service. In a relatively — of the neigboring countries. The accuracy of the supporting 
short period of a few years the GSM initiative (Global ^ points is X 5 m. The height of the antennas used for the 
System Mobile) has been accepted as a standard for coverage of the cells is approximately 30 m above ground. 
mobile communication. Nowadays it is possible for This data is the basis for specified propagation models for 
subscribers to roam between more than 30 countries, the calculation of the field strength, which is the basis for 
using the advantages of the same technology. The D2 further planning. The results of the planning process are 
network is a cellular radio network with small cellular sites. optimized locations of the base stations, the relevant initial 
Each cell has a Base Transceiver Station (BTS) which parameters and the frequencies of the base and mobile 
establishes the connection to and from the subscribers. stations. 
The size of a cell depends on the earth surface and the 
expected traffic load, and also on the performance of the 
base and mobile station. Up to now the radius of a cell 
varied between three and 35 kilometers. 
797 
International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXI, Part B4. Vienna 1996 
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