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Ortho Projection and Drawing for Archeological Artifacts of complicated form 
Hiroshi YOKOYAMA 
Hitachi Plant Engineering & Construction Co., LTD 
537 Kami-Hongo Matsudo-shi , Chiba-Ken , 271 , JAPAN 
Katsuhiro HATANO , Hirofumi CHIKATSU 
Department of Civil Engineering , Tokyo Denki University 
Hatoyama , Saitama , 350-03 , JAPAN 
Commission V , 
Working Group 4 
Keywords : Digital , Archeology , Ortho-image , Real-time , Laser-beam , Jomon-pottery 
ABSTRACT 
In the compilation of archival records for archeological artifacts, true orthographic drawings of these artifacts 
have 
to be drawn by the archaeologists themselves or part-timer , expending a great deal of time, labor and skills. 
This paper describes the real time orthographic drawing system for archeological artifacts with complicated form 
using CCD camera . Finally , it demonstrates real time orthographic drawing results for Jomon pottery by using this 
system instead of the manual method which requires 3-4 hours. 
1. INTRODUCTION 
Many sites are excavated yearly in Japan . For example, over 
8,000 archeological sites were excavated in 1994, and an 
abundance of archeological artifacts such as Jomon or Yayoi 
pottery are uncovered from these sites. In this context, the 
large format still camera is expected to become a useful tool in 
taking orthophotos. 
There are, however, still some issues which need to be solved 
for real time orthographic drawing, such as, developing, 
enlargement and tracing. From the view point of tracing, it is 
possible to utilize a scanner, nevertheless developing and 
enlargement are still subjects. 
By using the orthographic drawing system with a CCD camera 
as proposed in this paper , an orthoimage for archeological 
artifacts can be acquired in real time even there are uneven 
parts and high quality image can be taken by using line laser 
beam instead of slit fluorescent light . 
Furthermore the orthographic drawing can be obtained in real 
time via image processing procedures wherein the orthoimage 
is recorded as part of a rebirthable data image. 
2. ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWING SYSTEM 
An orthophoto can easily be taken from the continuous photo 
which is taken with the shutter opened while the artifact is 
slowly moved in the dark space and slit lights are applied from 
both sides ( Yokoyama , etal , 1995 ). 
In a general way , the Still camera is used for this purpose 
( Miyatsuka , 1994 ) , nevertheless it has the weak points 
described above. If a CCD Camera can be utilized instead of 
Still camera(Fig.1), an orthoimage can be acquired in real time. 
Furthermore, tracing can be done in real time by using image 
processing procedures since the orthoimage 1s digital data. 
With this mind, the authors developed the orthographic 
drawing system using a CCD camera. 
Table.] shows the components of the orthographic drawing 
system and Figure 2 shows the configuration of this system. 
Table.1 components of the orthographic drawing system 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   
  
  
  
CCD camera XC-75 (SONY) 
Lens VCL-16Y-M (SONY) 
A/D converter | FRM2-512 (PHOTORON) 
TV monitor PVM-1454Q (SONY) 
PC PC9801BX (NEC) 
slit \ 775 
Light 7 
moving course E 
7 an D 
/ 
Cc = 
| constant ANN. 
| distance»: > 
| base 
CCD surface 
  
Fig.1 Ortho projection using CCD camera 
95 
International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXI, Part B5. Vienna 1996