ARCHITECTURAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND PICTURE PROCESSING FOR ACQUISITION AND
DOCUMENTATION OF A BRAZILIAN TOWN ENSEMBLE
S. Landes, H.-P. Bähr and K. Ringle
Institute for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
University of Karlsruhe
Germany
landes@ipf.bau-verm.uni-karlsruhe.de
Commission V, Working Group 4
KEY WORDS: Architecture, Cultural Heritage, Urban, Acquisition, Digitization, Archiving, Close Range
ABSTRACT
In need of surveying and documenting the architectural heritage of extended town ensembles, quick, accurate and not too
expensive methods of image acquisition, analysis and representation have to be developed and integrated in urban information
systems. For this aim modern digital image processing methods have to be applied. This goal is achieved by two sequential
steps. In a first stage, it is necessary to build up archives of terrestrial photogrammetric images for documenting the facades
of the buildings. From this archives the corresponding orthophotos are generated, and they have also to be integrated in
these archives. In a second stage, additional information is necessary to create an urban information system. This additional
information has to be combined with the data archives to obtain a suitable representation.
1 MOTIVATION
The inherent real problem to architectural photogrammetry
doesn't refer to special cameras, equipment etc., but to the
enormous number of objects which have to be documented
and surveyed in the next few years. It has been shown, that
this process has to be accelerated by a factor of 250 to be
fulfilled (Waldhäusl, 1992) and that only digital photogram-
metry can deal with this problem.
Having priority of being documented this task not only in-
cludes world heritage sites (Dallas and Carbonnell, 1992),
but also includes the common urban environment.
These conditions cause the development of pragmatic pho-
togrammetric solutions; the solutions have to be quick, ac-
curate, not too expensive and easy to use. They should
e yield a terrestrial photogrammetric documentation of
facades in broad urban areas
e include the possibility of an integration into
modern planning tools
urban information systems
geotechnical cadastres
GIS
e and they should cope with large amounts of data.
Therefore, the work can divided into several stages to reach
this goal.
2 OUTLINE OF THE WORK
In a first step it is necessary to build up archives for terrestrial
photogrammetric images documenting the facades of build-
ings. The corresponding orthophotos are generated and also
have to be integrated in these archives. In a second stage, ad-
ditional information, which will be described in section 2.4, is
necessary to create an urban information system. This addi-
tional information has to be combined with the data archives
to obtain a suitable representation.
309
2.1 Image Acquisition
To build up archives for terrestrial photogrammetric images a
camera is needed. Here a Pentax PAMS 645 camera is used
for the process of image acquisition (Figure 1).
Figure 1: Pentax PAMS 645 camera
This camera has been chosen because of several features.
The PAMS 645 is a microprocessor controlled metric camera
with a picture size of 49.4x39.6mm?.
For photogrammetric use there are fiducial marks located in
the four corners. In opposition to several other metric cam-
eras the PAMS 645 has no Réseau which may cover infor-
mation in the image and leads to unexpected artefacts after
digital image rectification. For the lack of a Réseau the PAMS
645 is equipped with a vacuum back which keeps the film flat
during exposure. There is also distortion data supplied with
each camera. The PAMS 645 is used with a 45mm f/2.8 lens
with a fixed focus of 8m for long-range photogrammetry and
uses exclusively 220 roll films. Finally, the camera is easy to
handle, which is another important point.
International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXI, Part B5. Vienna 1996