3.3 Evaluation and monitoring of Sika deer habitat 
Sika deer of this island were found at the highest 
frequency at Grass type vegetation, followed by Forest-3 
type (deciduous broadleaved forests). According to the 
former study of habitat selection by Sika deer on 
Kinkazan Island (Takatsuki, 1983), Sika deer preferred 
the Zoysia japonica community and the Pleioblastus 
chino community, followed by the Miscanthus sinensis 
community and deciduous broadleaved forests, and 
preferred least the evergreen conifer forests. The 
tendency mentioned above was confirmed by this study. 
To monitor the distribution and the abundance of deer 
over time, it is necessary to handle vegetation changes 
and to build a model for spatial distribution of them 
(Buckland & Elston, 1993; Norton & Possingham, 1993). 
Figure 8 shows the schematic representation of Sika deer 
habitat model. The development of the model will be 
examined to manage the deer population. The difference 
between two scenes of Landsat TM data is illustrated in 
Figure 6, which represents the degradation of vegetation 
caused by overgrazing of Sika deer. The Gap analysis 
project has recently started in USA (Scott et a/., 1993). It 
is the geographic approach to protection biodiversity 
using GIS and remote sensing. The application of the Gap 
analysis is necessary to manage the island ecosystem. 
We thank Y. Koishi, S. Fukasawa, S. Suzuki, M. Abe and 
Y. Aburai for their technical assistant. This work was 
partly supported by a Grant-in-Aid from the Ministry of 
Education, Science and Culture (for Hara, No. 07308066). 
REFERENCES 
Buckland, S. T. & Elston, D. A. 1993. Empirical models for 
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Norton, T. W. & Possingham, H. P. 1995. Wildlife 
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Please regard the colour pages at the end of the volume. 
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