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Table 1. Pakri Peninsula Survey Parameters 
Aerial Ground Aerial MSS Aerial 
Radiation Radiation Photography 
Coverage 90 sq. km 12 points 90 sq. km 90 sq. km 
46 meters 1 meter 1000 meters 3000 meters 
Altitude 152 meters 900 meters 
90 meters 
1000 meters 
Line Spacing 76 meters 152 meters overlap 
90 meters 
Lines 162 38 5 
Line Miles 1009 425 30 
  
  
  
  
also collect data at much finer spatial resolution than that 
available from current commercial satellites. 
Once collected, these data are useful for providing detailed 
environmental oversight for small and moderate sized areas. 
Data acquisition can be customized to meet the 
requirements of the application and spatial and temporal 
characteristics of the site. The spectral capabilities of the 
Daedalus multispectral scanner have proven effective for 
detecting land surface features and anomalies important to 
environmental restoration and monitoring (Richards, 1986). 
Areas of interest include old waste disposal sites, historic 
Vegetation damage from toxic materials, large area surface 
disturbances, geohydrologic features such as seeps and 
faults, and environmental effects of current operations. 
4.3 Aerial Photography 
The RSL photography laboratory has a complete inventory 
of photographic equipment that supports the collection of 
both airborne and ground-based photography. The systems 
used during the Paldiski survey were both airborne and 
ground-based. Vertical and oblique aerial photographs were 
acquired using Hasselblad and Linhof Aerotechnika cameras, 
respectively, and a Canon still video system. The ground- 
based systems used were Nikon 35mm and Hasselblad 
cameras, and Canon still video. 
Aerial photography was acquired for two purposes. The first 
Is for photographic interpretation. Aerial color photography 
from a helicopter platform provides high spatial detail that is 
extremely useful for site characterization. The combination of 
high Spatial resolution and color make aerial photographs an 
Integral part of the multisensor survey (McCreary, 1979). The 
i aerial photography permits scientists to interpret 
ydrology, land forms, vegetation pattern, and other 
environmental conditions which are important factors in 
comprehensive site characterization (Smith, 1968). 
The second purpose for the aerial photography was to provide 
base maps for radiological data. Vertical and oblique aerial 
photographs were taken of the radiological survey area. 
Current color aerial photographs were overlaid with 
radiological contours. The integration of color photographs 
with radiological data has proven to be an extremely valuable 
environmental assessment and remediation tool. 
Ground-based photographic systems were also used 
extensively throughout the survey to document site conditions. 
5. RESULTS 
5.1 Radiation Survey 
Aerial radiological surveys were conducted over an area 
encompassing 90 km? including the Pakri Peninsula and 
surrounding area. Ground-based measurements were taken 
in background areas and areas where anomalous activity was 
detected by aerial systems. 
Isoradiation contour maps generated from the aerial data 
were used to show the distribution of the gamma exposure 
rate, annual dose, and count rates due to total terrestrial 
activity. The typical exposure rate range for the area was 7 to 
9 uR/h with a maximum value of 125 uR/h estimated for the 
anomaly detected at the solid waste storage facility found on 
the Paldiski Naval Reactor Training Site (Feimster, 1995). 
Figure 2 illustrates the distribution of the man-made radiation 
over the Pakri Peninsula. The gamma energy spectrum 
311 
International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXI, Part B7. Vienna 1996