Another factor should be noted. Modern photogrammetry makes efficient use of compu
tations independent of the specific techniques used. Whether it is a conventional plotting trom
original photographs or plotting from orthophotos or steroorthophotos, the final result can contain
numerical values of terrain coordinates in addition to the map manuscripts, line or orthopho
to. These results are on line recorded (during plotting operations) and stored in special files
and can be processed further and used in a variety of forms and products including statistical
information for thematic maps, which forms the concept of a modern electronic atlas of the
country. All this can be accomplished because of the spectacu
lar development of electronic
computers. Progress in this area has been overwhelming, and the surveying and mapping fiela
is the natural realm for the application of computer technology, with photogrammetry as the
leading agent.
The second part of the scenario are the users’ needs.
There was a time, when a general outline of the masses from a birdseye point of view was a
rare and highly acclaimed] product. These were different times with different needs. At present,
the results of the critical growth of the world population and scientific and tecnological pro-
gress has surpassed our preparedness for the often technological progress has surpassed our pre-
aredness for the often decisive and irreversible changes occuring around us. To cope with this si-
tuation, detailed and reliable information on the land and water bodies, their conditions and
changes occuring in them is indispensable. This land information can usually be subdivided into
two categories:
1. The social-legal category, in which the information refering to property boundaries, land
owners and land ownership conditions, land value, taxes etc. is collected, processed and
stored. This refers to the typical elements of cadastre with its original juridical and
fiscal attributes. It is basic vehicle is a precise and complete, large-scale map, ranging
down from 1:500+ depending upon land values size of land parcels etc. :
2. Other physical and economic information essential primarily, to the planning of imp-
rovements of present conditions and furture harmo nious development of the country
in a broad, socio—economic sense. In this category, the map also constitutes the basis
on which the information is collected and displayed. The map, however, in addition to
other information must also contain the topography of the terrain. One expects smaller—
scale maps and their derivatives than in the social — legal catagory; some will be in a
thematic map format.
Whereas the section of secondary information in both categories and their scope is to a
to maintain its value.
certain degree an arbitrary matter, an information should be up—to— date
Therefore, we will always be retering to a dynamic land information system.
Cadastre as the Foundation of Modern Surveying and Mapping Programs
Histérically, the topographic mapping of the country, usually at smaller scales, and the cada-
ed the need for it, (as formulated in modern
form by Napoleon in 1807), proceeded in two independent operations and were carried out by
being the exclusive domain of the military.
the two sectors, although the early use of
cally, however, the initial, somewhat res-
tricted concept of cadastre, and the contemporary surveying and mapping techniques (mostly
f both programsin a meaningful manner.
| purpose, Economic Map in Switzerland (die Ueber-
stral operations in the countries that early recogniz
independent organisation, topographical mapping
This alone did not favour close cooperation between
cadastral maps in military operations was known. Basi
plane—table technique did not permit the intergration o
One prominent exception was the genera
sichtskarte) which was derived from large— scale cadastral maps.
35
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